Posted on

The Saving Power of Mountains

Have you ever wondered how our planet’s natural defenses shield us from intense typhoons?

In this enlightening discussion, Green Convergence brings together esteemed experts to share insights on:

– The crucial role of mountain ranges as natural barriers

– Exploitative activities impacting our mountains

– Success stories in protection and regeneration

Meet our speakers:

– Fernand Francis M. Hermoso (UP College of Social Sciences and Philosophy)

– Dr. Nathaniel T. Servando  l  Represented by Joey Figuracion (PAGASA)

– Conrad Vargas (Stop Kaliwa Dam Network)

– Rodne Galicha (Living Laudato Si)

Posted on

HSBC Philippines: 2024 Sustainability Forum

Building resilient supply chains through emission measurement

Topic Speaker Related References
Emission Measurement – The Foundation of Sustainability Benjamin Soh

Founder & Managing Director
ESGpedia
Calculator Workshop – Ako Ang Bukas Movement
by Green Convergence Philippines		 Agnes De Jesus

Head of Business Task Force
 
Milagros Serrana
Project Leader
NOTE: To respect the intellectual property rights of Green Convergence, please acknowledge them in your organization’s reports.
The PLDT Story: Translating Emission Data to Actionable Strategies Melissa Vergel De Dios

Chief Sustainability Officer
PLDT
Posted on

Spirituality and Earth Care: Are They Connected?

The October 2024 edition of the Kamayan para sa Kalikasan Forum delved into the intersection of spirituality and environmental stewardship, examining how these elements intertwine in addressing the urgent climate crisis. With a theme centered on “Spirituality and Earth Care: Are They Connected?”, the forum explored humanity’s spiritual and moral responsibilities in protecting the Earth.

Opening Segment

The session began with an invocation, featuring a prayer from Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ (Praise Be: On Care for Our Common Home). This moving prayer called upon the Creator to inspire collective action in rescuing the neglected and healing the Earth, setting a reverent and contemplative tone for the event.

Participants were welcomed with a brief overview of the house rules, followed by the Philippine National Anthem. Moderators Marie Marciano of SALIKA and Randy Oliva of Green Convergence introduced themselves and the forum, underscoring its legacy as a monthly environmental dialogue since 1990.

Victoria Segovia, President of Green Convergence, delivered the opening remarks. She highlighted the ongoing celebration of the Season of Creation, observed from September through October 4, extending to Indigenous Peoples Sunday on October 13. She recognized the invaluable role of Indigenous communities in sustainable environmental practices and affirmed the Catholic Church’s commitment to honoring creation through this liturgical season.

Marciano outlined the event structure, which included expert presentations followed by an open forum for participant insights and questions. She warmly acknowledged the diverse audience comprising representatives from academia, religious orders, civic organizations, government agencies, and the private sector.

Session One: Interrelatedness of Spirituality and Earth Care

Resource Person:

Fr. Jose Ramon T. Villarin, SJ
Trustee and Director
Manila Observatory

Fr. Jose Ramon Villarin, SJ, a renowned climate scientist and theologian, commenced his presentation by differentiating between nature (kalikasan) and creation. He explained that while nature is often seen as an abstract entity, creation implies intentionality and a divine source. This distinction invites a profound spiritual perspective, fostering humility and gratitude for the universe as a gift from the Creator.

He reflected on the concept of stewardship, emphasizing that humanity’s role is not one of dominance but of care and responsibility. By recognizing creation as a divine gift, humans are called to cultivate an attitude of reverence rather than entitlement.

Fr. Villarin also discussed the challenges posed by technocratic mindsets, which often prioritize profit and efficiency over harmony with natural rhythms. He stressed the importance of rest and respecting the cycles of nature, aligning these practices with spiritual teachings.

In connecting spirituality and environmental care, he highlighted Pope Francis’ call to prioritize the marginalized—both people and ecosystems—as part of a holistic approach to caring for our common home. True love for God, he noted, is demonstrated through love for one’s neighbor and responsible environmental stewardship.

Insights and Reflections

Fr. Villarin further explored humanity’s biblical mandate to “care for and cultivate” the Earth. He contrasted this call for stewardship with the pitfalls of anthropocentrism, which often leads to exploitation and environmental degradation. Quoting from Genesis, he emphasized that stewardship is not just a duty but a privilege entrusted to humanity by God.

He called for discernment in human interactions with creation, urging participants to adopt new economic models that balance respect for nature with human development. He also advocated for making the “invisible” aspects of nature—such as clean air and biodiversity—visible in decision-making processes.

Conclusion and Call to Action

The forum concluded with an open forum where participants shared insights and posed questions. Discussions reinforced the central theme: spirituality is inseparable from environmental care. By integrating these aspects, humanity can address the dual crises of ecological degradation and spiritual disconnection.

The Kamayan para sa Kalikasan Forum reminded attendees of the urgency of collective action, grounded in humility, gratitude, and a shared responsibility to care for our common home. The dialogue exemplified the profound interconnectedness between spiritual principles and environmental sustainability.

Session Two: Universality of Caring for Creation

Resource Person:
Anthony James H. Vizmanos, PhD(c), MFSM, PFT
Head of Buddhist Literacy
Universal Wisdom Foundation-Buddhist Youth Group

The Earth and Living Beings: A Buddhist Perspective

“Ang lahat ng bagay ay magkaugnay…”
 “Everything is interconnected.”

This profound concept lies at the heart of Buddhist philosophy, encapsulated in the principle of Dependent Origination, or pratītyasamutpāda. This term describes the intricate web of interconnectedness that binds all beings and phenomena, emphasizing that nothing exists independently. Everything is part of a complex network of causality.

Interconnectedness and Karma

In Buddhism, this interconnectedness extends to the actions of all beings, whether sentient or non-sentient. Each action creates a ripple effect, influencing others and shaping outcomes through the principle of karma. Good deeds yield positive outcomes, while harmful actions result in negative consequences. This cause-and-effect relationship underscores the responsibility of each being to foster harmony with others and the environment.

Sentient and Non-Sentient Beings

Sentience Defined

Sentience in Buddhist thought depends on the Five Aggregates or Skandhas, as outlined in the Khandha Sutta. These aggregates are:

  1. Form (Rupa): The physical existence of a being.
  2. Sensation (Vedana): The ability to feel and experience.
  3. Perception (Samjna): Awareness of sensory input.
  4. Mental Formations (Samskara): Thoughts, emotions, and tendencies shaped by past lives or the present.
  5. Consciousness (Vijnana): The discernment and decision-making ability.

Sentience also involves the capacity to experience dukkha (suffering), samsara (rebirth), and the illusions of existence.

Caring for Non-Sentient Beings

Even non-sentient beings, such as plants, are respected in Buddhism. According to the Samannaphala Sutta, the Buddha taught that damaging plant life is against virtuous practice. Although plants lack sentience, they are living beings capable of propagating new life. Seeds, roots, cuttings, and buds are given careful consideration, as they hold the potential to create and sustain new flora. This reflects a deep reverence for all forms of life.

Sentient Beings in Lower Realms

Sentient beings in the lower realms include animals and other creatures that do not belong to the human realm or higher spiritual planes. In the Mahayana tradition, some animals are believed to possess Buddha-nature, the inherent potential to achieve enlightenment in future rebirths. These beings, exhibiting heightened sentience or human-like behavior, are viewed as part of the broader spiritual journey.

One example shared during the discussion was a video of a Theravāda monk engaging with his pet cat while studying the Dharma. By fostering such a relationship, the monk helps the cat manifest its Buddha-nature, thereby sharing merits and spiritual growth.

Life Release and the Ecosystem

A unique Buddhist practice known as life release involves freeing animals from captivity into the wild. However, this must be done responsibly:

  1. Only native and non-invasive species should be released.
  2. Animals must be returned to their appropriate habitats.
  3. Domesticated animals, instead of being released, should be adopted and cared for.

This practice exemplifies Buddhism’s commitment to preserving ecosystems while promoting compassion.

The Quandary of Creation: Cause and Condition

Buddhism does not embrace the concept of creation as understood in many religious traditions. Instead, it views existence through the lens of Cause and Condition. This perspective aligns with scientific principles like adaptation, natural selection, and ecological succession.

Living beings are shaped by their environments, and their existence is a response to the conditions they face. For example, changes in a habitat influence the state of its inhabitants, highlighting the cyclical and conditional nature of life.

Caring for Humanity: The Noble Eightfold Path

In Buddhism, care for oneself and others is guided by the Noble Eightfold Path. This path serves as a moral and ethical framework to alleviate suffering and achieve liberation:

  1. Right Understanding (Samma Ditthi): Grasping the truth of existence.
  2. Right Thought (Samma Sankappa): Cultivating positive intentions.
  3. Right Speech (Samma Vaca): Speaking truthfully and kindly.
  4. Right Action (Samma Kammanta): Acting ethically.
  5. Right Livelihood (Samma Ajiva): Pursuing work that does not harm others.
  6. Right Effort (Samma Vayama): Maintaining focus on positive development.
  7. Right Mindfulness (Samma Sati): Being present and aware.
  8. Right Concentration (Samma Samadhi): Focusing the mind for clarity and peace.

These principles encourage compassion, understanding, and respect, fostering harmony within individuals and communities.

Conclusion

Buddhism teaches that the interconnectedness of all beings—sentient and non-sentient—forms the foundation of existence. Caring for one another, whether a person, an animal, or a plant, creates ripples that affect the broader web of life. By recognizing this interconnectedness and practicing respect, compassion, and mindfulness, individuals can contribute to a more balanced and harmonious world.

Viewer Interaction: Insights on Nature, Values, and Spirituality

During the interactive portion of the webinar, Vizmanos engaged viewers in a thoughtful discussion on the profound relationship between technology, human values, and environmental stewardship. He explored how modern advancements influence younger generations and highlighted the need to reconnect children with nature to foster respect and appreciation for life in all its forms.

Vizmanos began by reflecting on how technology has reshaped how children perceive and interact with the world. With screens dominating much of their attention, children are becoming increasingly distanced from the natural environment. To counteract this, Vizmanos encouraged parents and guardians to actively expose their children to nature. Activities like visiting parks, hiking trails, or simply observing wildlife can instill in young minds a sense of peace, wonder, and responsibility for the environment.

He emphasized that nurturing a connection with nature is vital for developing compassionate and life-respecting values. Experiencing the tranquility of natural settings helps children appreciate the beauty and intricacy of ecosystems, fostering an ethic of care that extends to sentient beings. Teaching children to observe wildlife without harm and respect animals’ habitats lays the foundation for their stewardship of the planet.

Vizmanos further incorporated Buddhist principles, particularly the concept of karma, into the conversation. He explained how this philosophy underscores the interconnectedness of actions and outcomes: good deeds lead to positive effects, while harmful actions have detrimental consequences. This perspective invites individuals to consider how their treatment of the environment directly impacts their lives and the world around them.

Shifting to spirituality’s broader role in environmental care, Vizmanos remarked that most religions advocate for protecting the planet. He cited Buddhism’s teachings on interconnectedness and harmony with nature as a model for fostering a more balanced existence. He also offered practical guidance for visiting sacred spaces associated with environmental advocacy, noting the importance of respectful attire and an awareness of cultural symbols, such as a large metal marker used to welcome visitors.

The session underscored the importance of aligning spiritual principles, familial values, and environmental care to create a harmonious and sustainable future. By integrating these elements into daily life, Vizmanos argued, individuals can cultivate a deeper respect for nature while nurturing a sense of responsibility in future generations

Session Three: Sapat/Interconnectedness

Resource Person:
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
International Indigenous Activist
Kankana-ey Igorot

Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, an esteemed international indigenous activist and former United Nations Special Rapporteur, explored the profound interconnectedness of spirituality, environmental stewardship, and cultural traditions. As a prominent leader, she shared insights from her work, including her role in drafting the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Her discussion revolved around the responsibilities of indigenous communities in preserving ecosystems and the deep-rooted connection between spirituality and the care of the Earth.

The Seventh Generation Ethic:
Intergenerational Environmental Stewardship

Tauli-Corpuz emphasized the Seventh Generation ethic, a guiding principle in indigenous cultures that underscores the importance of environmental preservation for the well-being of future generations. She explained how indigenous teachings connect past, present, and future, with elders passing down knowledge to younger generations to ensure continuity.

This ethic manifests in rituals and cultural practices tied to the agricultural cycle, where communities offer gratitude and prayers for abundance. Ceremonies such as honoring the deceased also highlight respect for lineage and memory, as elders share stories that bind generations together. These traditions foster an enduring sense of responsibility toward the environment and future generations.

Cultural Values and Community Cooperation

At the core of Tauli-Corpuz’s discussion was the role of cultural values in nurturing relationships and fostering cooperation. Indigenous communities emphasize principles such as reciprocity, respect for elders, and mutual respect, which serve as the foundation of their social structures.

One notable practice is collective agricultural work, which exemplifies the importance of collaboration. By working together during planting and harvesting, communities achieve greater efficiency while strengthening bonds. Tauli-Corpuz also highlighted the shared moral principles across different belief systems, demonstrating the universality of these values in promoting harmony and social cohesion.

Community Rituals and Traditions

Rituals and traditions remain integral to indigenous life, particularly during significant milestones such as weddings and births. Weddings are intergenerational gatherings where families share stories, pass down traditions, and distribute inheritances. Similarly, childbirth rituals, including naming ceremonies, are communal events that celebrate new life and reinforce cultural values.

Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, these practices adapted to prioritize health and safety, illustrating the resilience of indigenous traditions in maintaining their cultural identity while responding to modern challenges.

Protecting Communal Resources: Banau Lake

Tauli-Corpuz shared a compelling story about Banau Lake, a sacred site central to the identity and livelihood of an indigenous community. When an individual attempted to privatize the lake by fencing it off, the community took collective legal action to defend their rights. Their success underscored the strength of customary laws in preserving communal resources and protecting sacred sites.

Customary laws, deeply rooted in cultural values, guide community practices and outline consequences for violations. These systems ensure the preservation of natural and cultural heritage while fostering unity and resilience.

Indigenous Governance and Identity

Central to Tauli-Corpuz’s discussion was the concept of governance within indigenous communities, guided by customary laws and cultural values such as inayan—a principle denoting forbidden actions. She described how these systems address offenses like theft and lying through community-led processes, ensuring accountability and rehabilitation.

Language also plays a vital role in preserving identity. Tauli-Corpuz stressed the need to protect indigenous languages, which carry the essence of cultural traditions. This aligns with the international decade of indigenous languages, a movement to safeguard linguistic heritage worldwide.

Spiritual Beliefs and Biodiversity Conservation

Indigenous spiritual beliefs about nature significantly contribute to biodiversity conservation. Tauli-Corpuz explained how natural elements, such as lakes and trees, are regarded as having spirits, requiring respect and care. This worldview has enabled indigenous territories to host some of the richest tropical forest biodiversity on Earth.

Through strong governance systems and values, indigenous communities prevent harmful practices like damming rivers, which would disrupt natural ecosystems. These practices not only protect the environment but also sustain livelihoods and cultural traditions.

Justice Systems and Cultural Accountability

Tauli-Corpuz highlighted the importance of community-based justice systems in promoting peace and addressing wrongdoing. She recounted a case of traditional punishment—banishment for a perpetrator of rape—which served as both a deterrent and a reflection of cultural values.

These traditional systems, she argued, are cost-effective, accessible, and rooted in cultural wisdom. They not only resolve conflicts but also reinforce environmental protection and intergenerational knowledge transfer. Tauli-Corpuz advocated for these practices as valuable models that could inspire broader global efforts toward peace, justice, and sustainable development.

Conclusion

Victoria Tauli-Corpuz’s insights illuminated the interconnectedness of spirituality, environmental care, cultural traditions, and governance in indigenous communities. By honoring their values and practices, indigenous peoples offer a profound example of how interconnectedness can guide humanity toward a more harmonious and sustainable future.

Question and Answer Portion: Highlights and Insights

The final segment of the forum transitioned into an engaging and reflective discussion, focusing on logistical details, participant feedback, and profound conversations around spirituality, environmental care, and cultural identity.

The session opened with a reminder about the evaluation form, which participants were encouraged to complete to provide valuable feedback for future forums. The process for obtaining a certificate of participation was outlined, requiring actual attendance and the submission of the evaluation form. Following this, participants were invited to join an open forum to share their thoughts, questions, and reflections.

One participant highlighted the enriching discussions, noting how the diverse perspectives shared complemented one another, deepening their understanding of interconnectedness.

Blending Traditional Values and Modern Technology

A thought-provoking discussion emerged on the integration of traditional values with modern advancements in technology. Tauli-Corpuz emphasized the evolution of indigenous practices, particularly the use of tools like GPS and GIS technology for mapping territories and conducting resource inventories. These technologies not only aid in environmental protection but also serve as a means of preserving cultural identity.

The conversation underscored the delicate balance between honoring traditional values and embracing beneficial modern developments. While adaptation is essential, communities were reminded to remain critical of technologies or practices that could harm ecosystems or cultural heritage. This integration also tied into the symbolic importance of the seventh day as a universal day of rest, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all creation.

Indigenous Education and Cultural Preservation

The discussion pivoted to the urgent need for incorporating indigenous education and values into mainstream curricula. Participants advocated for increased resources and support for indigenous languages and cultural storytelling, noting the critical role these elements play in identity formation and heritage preservation.

Suggestions included utilizing modern mediums such as film and music to engage younger generations, making cultural education both accessible and appealing. A critique of traditional values education was raised, urging the Department of Education to adopt an integrated approach that emphasizes linguistic diversity and cultural relevance across all subjects.

Spirituality, Love, and Faith

Another thread explored the intersection of spirituality, love, and faith, challenging conventional religious frameworks. Participants reflected on love as a spiritual force, even for those skeptical of organized religion. The concept of “Anonymous Christians” was introduced, suggesting that belief in love and humanity can itself be a valid spiritual path.

One participant shared a personal anecdote involving a poem that reimagined God as a benevolent force rather than a punitive figure. This conversation highlighted the rejection of oppressive religious ideologies while affirming a broader, inclusive understanding of spirituality.

Nature, Healing, and Spiritual Connections

The relationship between spirituality, environmental care, and personal well-being was another focal point. A speaker reflected on the phrase “rest well,” suggesting a belief in life beyond death and acknowledging the spiritual conflicts that atheists may experience.

A poignant story about the speaker’s nature-loving mother illustrated the healing presence of pets and the spiritual connection between humans and animals. This reflection led to broader discussions on the role of nature in fostering inner peace and the importance of influential figures in promoting environmental action.

Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Environmental Stewardship

Mindfulness emerged as a universal practice transcending religious boundaries, fostering both self-awareness and environmental consciousness. Participants discussed how meditation and focused breathing can reconnect individuals with their inner selves and promote respect for nature.

Experiences such as tree planting and sensory immersion in natural settings were shared, illustrating how mindfulness enhances the connection between humans and the environment. These practices were presented as essential tools for navigating the challenges of modern, fast-paced lifestyles.

St. Francis of Assisi and Ecological Compassion

The teachings of St. Francis of Assisi provided a spiritual lens for understanding the moral obligations of environmental stewardship. St. Francis, recognized as the patron saint of ecology, exemplified compassion for all living creatures, even earthworms. His reverence for nature served as an inspiring model for contemporary ecological care.

Participants also reflected on Pope Francis’s efforts to reconcile with indigenous communities, acknowledging the historical importance of indigenous environmental stewardship in global conservation efforts.

Addressing Planetary Crises with Spirituality and Justice

The forum concluded with a discussion on the intersection of spirituality, justice, and ecological integrity in addressing global crises. Participants explored the concept of interconnectedness, emphasizing compassion and equity for all living beings as fundamental to contemporary spirituality.

The conversation introduced the term “planetary crisis,” referencing urgent issues like climate change and biodiversity loss. The younger generation’s passion for justice and environmental care was highlighted as a hopeful sign of global progress. The Universal Responsibility Charter’s call for ecological integrity was also discussed, framing the spiritual responsibility to protect and restore the Earth’s ecosystems.

In closing, the session affirmed the presence of divine inspiration throughout the universe, offering hope and new pathways for collective ecological action. The forum left participants with a renewed sense of purpose, grounded in the interconnectedness of spirituality, environmental care, and cultural identity.

Posted on

Infopro Business Solutions Inc.- IBSI Training

Emcee: Mr. Clifford Serrano, First Philippine Holdings, Inc.

Welcome Remarks: Mr. Ernie Imperial, First Philippine Holdings, Inc.

Introduction and the 7 EPs: Dr. Angelina Galang, Convenor of Ako ang Bukas

AAB GHG Calculator Background: Ms. Agnes De Jesus, Head of Business Task Force, AAB

AAB GHG Calculator Workshop: Ms. Milagros Serrana, Project Leader, AAB

Sharing of Inputs – Household Calculator: Ms. Nelda Habacon, Infopro Business Solutions, Inc., and Antonio ‘Jon’ Quidilla from First Philippine Holdings- IT; Entity Calculator: Ms. Joanne Robles from IBSI

Attendees included representatives from First Philippine Holdings/First Gen IT, Energy Development Corporation Tech Office, and First Philippine Industrial Park IT.

Posted on

Floods: Mitigation and Adaptation

Opening Session

The forum opened with a presentation of the house rules, setting the tone for a respectful and productive discussion. This was followed by an opening prayer led by Medardo Pizarra, President of Norwich Brent Cedric School, Inc., and a rendition of the Philippine National Anthem.

The moderators, Marie Marciano of SALIKA and David D’Angelo, representing Boses ng Kalikasan, Green Party of the Philippines, Bayanihan para sa Kalikasan, and Green Convergence, introduced themselves and provided an overview of the Kamayan para sa Kalikasan Forum.

Victoria Segovia, President of Green Convergence, delivered the opening remarks. She highlighted the devastating impact of recent typhoons, which had affected Visayas, Luzon, and Mindanao. Segovia detailed the cascading effects of these events, including landslides, fatalities, loss of property, displacement, crop destruction, canceled classes and work, and large-scale evacuations. Her address emphasized the urgency of adopting effective flood mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Marciano outlined the flow of the webinar, explaining that it would begin with expert presentations, followed by an open forum for participants to share questions and insights.

Session One: Addressing Floods in the Philippines

Resource Person:
Dr. Guillermo Tabios III
Professor Emeritus
Institute of Civil Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman


The Philippine Context

Dr. Guillermo Tabios provided a comprehensive overview of the Philippines’ susceptibility to flooding. As a tropical, archipelagic nation, the country is characterized by interconnected rivers, lakes, and aquifers that merge with deltas, estuaries, and coasts. Its location near the equator results in a warm, humid climate with heavy rainfall caused by typhoons, monsoons, inter-tropical convergence zones (ITCZ), and thunderstorms. This climate, combined with steep mountain streams prone to soil erosion, contributes to flooding and sedimentation issues.

Dr. Tabios used historical data to illustrate the gravity of these challenges. He discussed the catastrophic rainfall brought by Typhoon Ondoy (September 26, 2009), noting that maximum 6-hour rainfall reached 381.5 mm and 12-hour rainfall peaked at 448.5 mm—figures associated with 180-year return period storms. He also examined the recent Typhoon Carina (July 19-26, 2024) and its accompanying habagat (southwest monsoon), which resulted in rainfall of 400-500 mm over 24 hours for seven consecutive days.

Vulnerability to Erosion and Coastal Deposition

Dr. Tabios presented findings from a study by Browning and Sawyer (2021) that identified Central Luzon and Metro Manila as high-risk areas for soil erosion. He outlined risk factors such as land cover type, annual precipitation, soil thickness, bedrock lithology, watershed slope, and human activities like agriculture, mining, and urban development. Coastal areas were similarly vulnerable due to erosion and deposition, with risks measured on a scale from Very Low (1) to Very High (5).

Urban Flooding: The Case of the Pasig-Marikina River Basin

The discussion shifted to urban flooding challenges in the Pasig-Marikina River Basin, highlighting the interplay of environmental degradation and human activity:

  • Forest Denudation and Quarrying: Increased erosion and sediment load in rivers.
  • Local Drainage Issues: Floodwaters trapped without an outlet to rivers or floodways.
  • Garbage Disposal Problems: Clogged waterways and water pollution.
  • Manggahan Floodway: Originally designed with a 280-meter width and a high-water level capacity of 14 meters, the floodway’s efficiency has diminished due to narrowing and sedimentation.
  • Improper Land Use and Zoning: Unauthorized settlements and subdivisions within flood-prone areas like Laguna Lake exacerbate risks.

Dr. Tabios emphasized the urgent need for sustainable land-use planning and improved infrastructure to address these vulnerabilities.

Holistic Flood Risk Management in the Context of Integrated Water and Coastal Management (IWRCM)

Flood risk management is intrinsically linked to broader aspects of land use management, affecting water resources, coastal zones, and hazard mitigation efforts. A holistic approach is essential to address the complexities of these interdependencies.

Key Concepts in Integrated Flood Management

Source-to-Sea (S2S) Continuum
The S2S continuum emphasizes the interconnectedness of water systems from their source (rivers and watersheds) to their ultimate endpoint (oceans). This perspective ensures that water and resource management strategies consider upstream and downstream impacts to promote ecological and social sustainability.

Cloud-to-Coast (C2C) Approach

The C2C approach highlights the need for an integrated understanding of water systems, encompassing atmospheric processes (clouds), terrestrial hydrology (rivers and groundwater), and coastal dynamics. It aims to create a seamless framework for managing water resources and mitigating flood risks across all stages of the hydrological cycle.

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Integrated Coastal Management (ICM)

IWRM seeks to balance water use and conservation across sectors and stakeholders, while ICM focuses on the sustainable management of coastal areas. Together, they form a unified framework for addressing water and flood-related challenges holistically.

Hydrologic, Geomorphologic, and Ecologic Interactions

Capturing the interplay of hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology is vital for effective flood management. These interactions influence sediment transport, water flow, and ecosystem health, which collectively shape flood behavior and impacts.


Flood Management: Sustainability Science vs. Traditional Science

Dr. Guillermo Tabios outlined the evolution of flood management, contrasting traditional science (TS) with sustainability science (SS).

  1. Aims of Study
  • TS: Focuses on understanding individual components to manage them separately.
  • SS: Seeks to understand interrelations between components to manage systems holistically.
  1. Modes of Change
  • TS: Assumes static systems and designs based on historical stationarity.
  • SS: Recognizes dynamic, non-stationary systems shaped by climate, land use, and socio-economic shifts.
  1. Truth Verification
  • TS: Relies on controlled experiments and historical data.
  • SS: Emphasizes real-world evolution and integrated management.
  1. Research Outcomes
  • TS: Generates knowledge for analysis and localized solutions.
  • SS: Creates actionable insights for adaptive, integrated management across scales.
  1. Expected Outcomes
  • TS: Focuses on minimizing loss of life and property.
  • SS: Strives for sustainable ecosystems that balance flood benefits and risks to support flora, fauna, and human life.

The Need for a Transdisciplinary Approach

Flood risk management encompasses the following interconnected systems:

  • Physical Systems: Climate extremes, sedimentation, and ecological dynamics.
  • Socioeconomic Systems: Investment priorities, social norms, and economic objectives.
  • Human Systems: Political ambitions, cultural behaviors, and informal settlements.

To address this complexity, a transdisciplinary approach integrates knowledge across natural sciences, social sciences, mathematical modeling, and indigenous wisdom. It involves collaborative problem-solving among academics, professionals, government, and civil society, ensuring solutions are:

  1. Physically viable.
  2. Ecologically sustainable.
  3. Economically sound.
  4. Socially justifiable.
  5. Politically acceptable.

Adaptive Planning in Flood Risk Management
Unlike static master plans, adaptive planning is iterative and responsive, evolving as new insights and conditions emerge. Plans are refined through continuous learning and feedback.

Sample Roadmap for Adaptive Planning:

  1. Initial Appraisal: Assess flooding problems and issues across metro, urban, or basin areas.
  2. Comprehensive Evaluation: Examine watersheds, land use, and drainage systems with stakeholder input.
  3. Simulation and Solutions: Conduct hydrologic, ecological, and economic simulations to identify optimal solutions.
  4. Project Implementation: Prioritize and sequence projects based on time, cost, and evolving water regimes.
  5. System Reassessment: Monitor the performance of flood mitigation systems and adapt to changing conditions.
  6. Solution Updates: Revalidate and reprioritize projects to align with updated flooding patterns and socio-economic dynamics.

This adaptive and collaborative framework ensures flood management strategies remain effective and sustainable amid changing environments.

Flood Mitigation Planning Decision Tree

The flood mitigation planning decision tree offers a structured framework for managing flood risks, consisting of three key strategies:

  1. Restore: Reinstating Natural Features and Processes
     This approach emphasizes bringing back natural landscape features, such as floodplains, wetlands, and forests. These restored ecosystems act as natural sponges, slowing down and storing floodwaters while mitigating flood risks.
  2. Enhance: Modifying or Enhancing Natural Systems
     Enhancing natural features and processes improves their efficiency in managing floods. For instance, modifying wetlands or strengthening riverbanks can amplify their ability to reduce water flow intensity and store excess water.
  3. Engineer: Implementing Engineered Flood Protections
     When natural or enhanced solutions alone are insufficient, engineered interventions like floodwalls, embankments, and storage reservoirs are introduced. These structures are skillfully designed to safeguard urban areas and critical infrastructure from severe flooding.

Flood Control and Coastal Resilience with Nature-Based Solutions

Nature-based solutions are increasingly being integrated with traditional engineering to address flood risks and enhance coastal resilience. These approaches are categorized into:

  • Natural Solutions: Restoring ecosystems such as floodplains, wetlands, and forests to manage floodwaters. These features naturally absorb and attenuate water flow, reducing flood intensity.
  • Hybrid Solutions: Combining natural and engineered elements to amplify the effectiveness of flood mitigation. For example, levees may be paired with restored wetlands to enhance water storage and flood risk management.
  • Engineered Solutions: Traditional infrastructure like floodwalls, embankments, and reservoirs are designed to protect urban areas from floodwaters.

In urban flood control, nature-based solutions play a vital role in reducing stormwater runoff, replenishing groundwater, and providing alternative water sources such as brown water. Along coastlines, these solutions strengthen resilience by creating buffers against storm surges, erosion, and rising sea levels, ensuring a balanced approach that benefits both human settlements and ecosystems.

By blending natural, hybrid, and engineered strategies, this integrated framework fosters sustainable, adaptive, and effective flood risk management.

West Manggahan Flood Mitigation Project

In Metro Manila, floodwaters from the Marikina River are typically diverted to Laguna Lake via the Manggahan Floodway for temporary storage, rather than flowing directly into Manila Bay. However, following the construction of the Manggahan Floodway in 1982, flooding events in the northern lakeshore towns of Taguig and Taytay became more frequent. In response, the government proposed the development of a road-dike system designed to shield these towns from further flooding.

Despite this proposal, the plan faced significant opposition from various stakeholders, including fisherfolk, farmers, business owners, and residents of the lakeshore communities. They raised concerns over the proposed alignment and configuration of the lakeshore dike, especially regarding its environmental impact. To address these concerns, a transdisciplinary approach was adopted, facilitating eight stakeholder consultations. These consultations resulted in six alternative configurations for the lakeshore dike. These alternatives were subjected to an interactive review process involving engineers, economists, and biologists to assess their feasibility.

The alternative configurations included:

  1. Full protection of human settlements through polder dikes, which would unfortunately eliminate fish spawning areas.
  2. Partial protection for human settlements while preserving fish spawning grounds.
  3. A hybrid solution offering full protection for human settlements while also retaining the fish spawning area achieved through a combination of road dikes and bridges.

Flood inundation simulations, socio-economic surveys, and comprehensive analyses of social, environmental, and economic impacts were conducted to evaluate each alternative. Among the various configurations, Alternative 1B—partial protection of human settlements while retaining fish spawning areas—was selected based on its positive environmental impact and its favorable Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of 8.59%.

Cagayan de Oro River Basin: Flood Simulation Studies

The flood mitigation strategies for the Cagayan de Oro River Basin were explored through a comprehensive flood simulation model, which was presented alongside a map of the river basin. The model relied on governing equations for mass conservation of water-sediment mixtures and momentum conservation along both x- and y-axes of the flow.

Several flood mitigation alternatives were evaluated, including:

  1. The existing flood control structures in place.
  2. Flood control measures currently under construction.
  3. Proposed flood mitigation projects by the DPWH-JICA, with two options—3a (low wall) and 3b (high wall).
  4. A proposed realignment of the dike in the Paseo del Rio-Torre de Oo area.
  5. Alternative retarding basins to manage floodwaters.
  6. A combination of alternative retarding basins 1 and 2.
  7. A proposal to use overflow weirs downstream of Pelaz Bridge for river flood storage, with or without the additional retarding basins.

These alternatives were evaluated for their potential to mitigate flooding, considering factors like efficiency, environmental impact, and cost.

Candaba Swamp: Ecological Value and Flood Control Detention

Candaba Swamp plays a crucial role in the region’s ecosystem, particularly as a natural flood detention basin during the wet season. To maintain the swamp’s ecological function, it is vital to preserve its historical flood inundation patterns, which regulate seasonal wet and dry cycles in the floodplain.

To enhance flood control, a network of detention ponds or impoundments could be developed to store excess floodwaters, which could also be utilized for water supply purposes. Maps illustrating the Candaba Swamp area from October 2012 to October 2022 showed the extent of flood inundation over time, highlighting its role in flood storage and its capacity to act as a natural buffer against flooding.

Pasig-Marikina River Basin Flood Mitigation

The Manggahan Floodway, which aims to alleviate flooding in the Pasig River basin, diverts floodwaters from the Marikina River to Laguna de Bay, a temporary reservoir. This diversion helps reduce the impact of peak floodwaters along the Pasig River. The floodway was initially designed to work in tandem with the proposed Parañaque Spillway, which would direct water from Laguna de Bay into Manila Bay. However, the spillway project was ultimately canceled.

Completed in 1986 at a cost of 1.1 billion pesos, the Manggahan Floodway remains a critical component in the region’s flood mitigation strategy.

Marikina River Flood Tunnel/Channel Proposal

To further enhance flood control in the region, a proposal has been made to construct a flood tunnel or channel to divert 30-40% of the Marikina River’s flow directly into the Pacific Ocean. This diversion would help reduce pressure on both the Pasig River and the Laguna Lake, ensuring that these bodies of water are better able to manage floodwaters. The diversion point is proposed at the Tayabasan-Montalban-Sapa Bute Bute junctions, covering an area of 180 km².

Iloilo Flood Control Project

The Iloilo Flood Control Project, proposed in 1995 and completed in 2010, was designed to address flooding in Iloilo City, particularly after a series of severe floods in the 1990s. The project, which cost 6.06 billion pesos (approximately 12.84 billion yen), was designed to handle a flood event with a return period of 20 years. Flooding in July 1994 and from 1998 to 2001, which affected over 120,000 households, underscored the urgent need for such a project.

SMART (Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel) in Kuala Lumpur

The SMART project in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, is a unique infrastructure development that integrates stormwater management and road transport. The 13.2-meter diameter tunnel features a 9.7 km stormwater bypass tunnel and a 4 km dual-deck motorway for light vehicles. The project was designed to address flash flooding caused by the Sungai Klang and Kerayong rivers and to alleviate traffic congestion during peak hours.

Construction began in 2003, and the tunnel was opened in May 2007, costing around $514 million (approximately 25 billion pesos). During its operation, the SMART tunnel has significantly reduced flooding in Kuala Lumpur while also improving traffic flow.

Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis for Flood Design

In flood control projects, determining the design storm magnitude and its associated return period is a critical parameter. Traditionally, it has been assumed that the probability distribution of extreme weather events is stationary over time. However, with the impacts of climate change, it is necessary to treat these extreme events as nonstationary.

The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) in the Philippines has applied nonstationary extreme value analysis to several major flood control projects, including those in Laoag, Agno, Pampanga Delta, KAMANAVA, Pasig-Marikina, Manggahan Floodway, Iloilo, Agusan, and Ormoc.

An example of this approach was demonstrated with Cagayan de Oro River, where the return period of the peak flow during Typhoon Sendong in December 2011 was calculated using both stationary and nonstationary methods. The stationary analysis indicated a return period of about 90 years, while the nonstationary analysis reduced the return period to 15 years, reflecting changes in rainfall patterns and urbanization. This methodology helps ensure that flood control structures are designed to withstand more frequent and severe extreme events due to climate change.

 Session Two: Government Flood Control Plan

Resource Person:
Jerry Fano
Flood Control Cluster
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)

Jerry Fano, representing the DPWH Flood Control Cluster, provided an in-depth overview of the government’s flood management initiatives under the Unified Project Management Office. His presentation delved into both structural and nature-based solutions designed to mitigate flooding across various vulnerable regions in the Philippines.

Structural Measures for Flood Control

Fano detailed the engineering strategies employed in flood control projects. These include the construction of dikes, designed with a height that exceeds the design flood level by incorporating a freeboard. Gravity walls reinforced with concrete bases, toe protection systems, and revetments equipped with cut-off walls and aprons to protect riverbanks from erosion are among the key measures implemented. Additionally, grouted riprap and spur dikes enhance these protective systems, safeguarding communities and infrastructure from rising waters.

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)

Fano emphasized the importance of harnessing nature’s innate ability to regulate flooding. Using vegetation buffer strips, for example, can reduce water velocity in flood-prone areas, prevent soil erosion, and promote nutrient deposition in agricultural lands. NBS also includes sustainable practices like smart riverbed quarrying to maintain river stability.

Room for the River Approach

Acknowledging the natural behavior of rivers, this approach involves respecting and accommodating floodplains. By preserving the space required for rivers to flow and transport sediment, human interventions are minimized, reducing flood risks while maintaining ecological balance.

Reforestation and Afforestation Efforts

Reforestation has become a cornerstone of flood mitigation, with initiatives focused on stabilizing watersheds, strengthening coastlines with mangroves, and reinforcing floodplains with vegetation buffers. Fano outlined three key submeasures:

  1. Watershed Stabilization: Enhancing vegetation cover on hillslopes to minimize landslides.
  2. Coastline Strengthening: Planting mangroves to shield coastal areas from storm surges.
  3. Floodplain Reinforcement: Slowing floodwater velocity with strategically placed vegetation.

Afforestation processes complement these efforts, aiming to create new forested areas in regions devoid of vegetation to boost ecological resilience and reduce flooding.

Current and Future Initiatives

Major River Basins (MRBs)

Fano provided updates on ongoing projects in the Philippines’ 18 major river basins (MRBs), each representing a critical component of the government’s comprehensive flood control strategy.

Cagayan River Basin

  • Regions Covered: II, III, CAR
  • River Length: 520 km
  • Catchment Area: 27,493 sq. km
  • Current Initiative: Updating the master plan and pre-feasibility studies with financing from JICA (May 2024–October 2025).
  • Notable Projects: Completed revetment works in the Albago and Cataggaman areas following Typhoon Ramon.
  • Future Initiative: Detailed engineering design and feasibility studies for long-term flood management solutions.

Abra River Basin

  • Regions Covered: I, CAR
  • River Length: 181 km
  • Catchment Area: 4,936 sq. km
  • Current Initiative: Development of a master plan and feasibility study, financed by ADB.
  • Structural Measures Proposed: Reinforced gabion walls, spur dikes, and toe protection totaling over 45 units.
  • Non-Structural Measures: Reforestation, early warning systems, and strengthened institutional capacity.

Pampanga River Basin

  • Regions Covered: III
  • River Length:33 km
  • Catchment Area: 9,759 sq. km
  • Current Initiatives: Updating the master plan and feasibility studies, with structural designs including an 89.2 km diking system and 21 culverts with control gates.
  • Future Initiative: Construction of a Central Luzon-Pampanga River Floodway (estimated cost: Php 115 billion).

Agno River Basin

  • Regions Covered: I, II, III, CAR
  • River Length: 206 km
  • Catchment Area: 5,747 sq. km
  • Current Initiative: Feasibility studies financed by ADB (2023–2026).
  • Future Initiative: Civil works estimated at Php 12 billion, incorporating dikes and smart quarrying practices.

Pasig-Marikina-Laguna Bay Basin

  • Regions Covered: NCR, IV-A
  • River Length:2 km
  • Catchment Area: 3,280 sq. km (Laguna de Bay), 635 sq. km (Pasig-Marikina River)
  • Current Initiative: Phase IV channel improvement works, including revetment construction and drainage enhancements.
  • Future Initiative: Proposed construction of three dams in the Upper Marikina, retention ponds, and additional river improvements.

Comprehensive Overview of Key Flood Management and Risk Mitigation Projects in the Philippines

1. Prañaque Spillway/Tunnel Project (JICA ODA)

This ambitious project, designed to mitigate flooding across Metro Manila and Cavite, spans key urban centers, including Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Las Piñas, and Bacoor City. The project involves the construction of an open channel and tunnel (Route X), stretching 10.5 km from Buli (intake location) to Manila Bay (outlet location).

Key Specifications:

  • Total Project Cost: Php 105.701 billion
  • Timeline: 2026–2036
  • Current Status: Feasibility study and preparatory survey completed.
  • Details:
    • Open channel and jetty: 0.8 km
    • Tunnel length: 9.7 km, with a depth of over 50 meters
    • Tunnel inner diameter: 13 meters
    • Vertical shafts at intake and outlet: 75 meters high
    • Maximum outflow discharge: 240 m³/s

2. Flood Risk Management Project (Cagayan, Tagoloan, and Imus Basins)

JICA Loan Agreement No. PH-P253
 This project includes the Imus and Bacoor Retarding Basins to mitigate flooding in Cavite.

Sub-Project Components:

  • Imus Retarding Basin:
    • Area: 35 hectares
    • Overflow dike: 118 meters long
    • Volume: 2,101,700 m³
  • Bacoor Retarding Basin:
    • Area: 9.01 hectares
    • Overflow dike: 42 meters long
    • Volume: 313,700 m³
  • Drainage Sluices: Two locations.

Milestones:

  • Imus Retarding Basin was completed between April 2022 and 2023, along with a water treatment facility and sections of the Bacoor Retarding Basin.

3. Metro Manila Flood Management Project, Phase I

This initiative addresses flooding in the National Capital Region through structural and non-structural measures.

Project Details:

  • Total Cost: Php 23.50 billion
  • Timeline: 2018–2026
  • Financing: IBRD 8784-PH and AIIB 000023-1 PH

Structural Measures:

  1. Rehabilitation of pumping stations (PS):
  • Batch 1: Balut, Vitas, Paco, Labasan, and Tripa de Galina.
  • Batch 2: Libertad, Makati, Sta. Clara, and San Andres, among others.
  • Batch 3: Acacia, Niugan, Muzon, and more.

4. Flood Risk Management in Major River Basins (MRBs)

  1. Panay River Basin (Region VI)

Scope: Updates to the master plan and feasibility study for flood control.

  • Current Initiatives:
    • Updating plans (2022–2024) funded by KEXIM at Php 308.068 million.
    • Detailed engineering design (2025–2026) at Php 299 million.
  • Future Civil Works:
    • Diversion channels, dikes, drainage facilities, and resettlement plans are estimated at Php 9.34 billion.
  1. Cagayan de Oro River Basin (Region X)
  • Completed Measures:
    • Construction of dikes, drainage outlets, and resettlement sites.
    • Total cost: Php 12.538 billion.
  • Design Standards: Structures are built to withstand a 50-year flood return period.
  1. Davao River Basin (Regions X and XI)
  • Current Plans:
    • Riverbed dredging, construction of cut-off channels, and retarding ponds.
    • Feasibility studies (2025–2026) led by JICA.
  • Future Initiatives: Php 41.72 billion proposal for civil works (2029–2036).
  1. Buayan-Malungun River Basin (Regions XI and XII)
  • Ongoing Initiatives:
    • Master plan and feasibility study completed in 2024, funded by ADB for USD 31.36 million.
    • Detailed engineering design (2024–2026) under Phase 2 of the Integrated Flood Resilience and Adaptation Project (InFRA2).
  • Future Projects: Civil works estimated at Php 7.80 billion (2028–2032).
  1. Agusan River Basin (Regions XI and XIII)
  • Plans: Diking and slope protection work spanning 43.4 km, complemented by flood forecasting systems and resettlement efforts.
  • Cost: Php 7.80 billion for future initiatives, targeting completion by 2034.

Session Three: Flooding and Urban/Rural Planning

Resource Person:
Asst. Prof. Carmelita Rosario Liwag
Assistant Professor, UP School of Urban and Regional Planning

Asst. Prof. Carmelita Rosario Liwag, a highly respected academic and licensed environmental planner from the University of the Philippines, led the session on flooding and urban/rural planning. With extensive experience in urban and regional planning, Prof. Liwag has played a pivotal role in addressing complex land use challenges across the Philippines. Her academic tenure includes key administrative roles, such as serving as college secretary, and she has been actively involved in developing practical solutions to the pressing issues of urbanization, zoning, and environmental sustainability.

Persistent Land Use and Zoning Issues in Metro Manila and Neighboring Provinces

Prof. Liwag began by examining the underlying causes of persistent land use and zoning challenges in Metro Manila and surrounding areas. She highlighted how these problems are deeply rooted in:

  1. Rapid Urbanization: Unchecked population growth and urban sprawl have led to significant encroachments on natural waterways and floodplains.
  2. Inadequate Infrastructure: Outdated drainage systems and insufficient flood control measures are ill-equipped to handle the growing demands of densely populated urban centers.
  3. Geographic Vulnerability: Metro Manila’s location within a natural flood basin amplifies its susceptibility to flooding during heavy rainfall or typhoons.
  4. Climate Change: Rising global temperatures exacerbate flooding by intensifying weather patterns, leading to more frequent and severe rainfall events.

Challenges in Flood Management and the Role of Local Governments

Prof. Liwag underscored the pivotal role of local government units (LGUs) in mitigating flood risks and ensuring sustainable urban and rural development. She called attention to the responsibilities assigned to LGUs under the Local Government Code, particularly in updating disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) plans and comprehensive land use plans (CLUPs).

She identified several challenges faced by LGUs:

  • Limited financial resources to implement large-scale flood mitigation projects.
  • Insufficient technical expertise in DRRM planning and execution.
  • Gaps in interagency collaboration, leading to fragmented approaches to flood management.

To address these issues, Prof. Liwag proposed several strategies:

1. Flood Management Master Planning

She presented Metro Manila’s flood management master plan, which includes both structural and non-structural measures. While large-scale projects such as the construction of dikes, floodways, and pumping stations are essential, she acknowledged the immense financial and logistical hurdles in realizing these plans.

2. Technological Integration

Prof. Liwag highlighted the transformative potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and real-time flood forecasting systems in flood management. These technologies allow for:

  • Mapping of flood-prone areas.
  • Monitoring weather patterns and water levels.
  • Providing real-time alerts to communities, enabling quicker and more effective responses.

3. Interagency Collaboration

She stressed the importance of seamless coordination among national agencies, LGUs, and non-governmental organizations to ensure cohesive and efficient flood mitigation efforts. Collaborative initiatives, she argued, are vital for sharing resources, knowledge, and expertise.

The Multifunctional Potential of Detention Ponds

A significant portion of Prof. Liwag’s discussion centered on the concept of detention ponds as a sustainable solution for managing stormwater runoff in urban areas.

1. Purpose and Functionality

Detention ponds are engineered to temporarily store excess stormwater during heavy rains, reducing the risk of flooding in surrounding areas. These structures are particularly effective in low-lying regions like Metro Manila, where traditional drainage systems are often overwhelmed.

2. Dual-Use Urban Infrastructure

Drawing on successful examples from industrialized nations like Japan and South Korea, Prof. Liwag showcased how detention ponds can serve multiple functions. In addition to their primary role in flood control, they can be designed as:

  • Recreational parks during dry seasons.
  • Green open spaces that enhance urban aesthetics and provide residents with areas for leisure and exercise.

She cited potential applications in Metro Manila, emphasizing how these facilities could improve the city’s livability while addressing flood risks.

3. Case Studies and Lessons Learned

  • Japan: The Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel, a large underground flood control system in Tokyo, incorporates detention basins to manage stormwater effectively.
  • South Korea: The Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project in Seoul transformed a neglected urban stream into a vibrant public space that also functions as a flood control measure.

Comprehensive and Collaborative Approaches to Flood Mitigation

Prof. Liwag concluded by advocating for an integrated approach to flood mitigation, combining technical, social, and environmental strategies. She reiterated the need for:

  • Community Engagement: Educating residents about flood risks and involving them in decision-making processes.
  • Policy Reform: Strengthening policies on land use, zoning, and disaster risk reduction to address current and future challenges.
  • Sustainability: Ensuring that all flood mitigation efforts align with the principles of environmental sustainability and resilience.

Her presentation underscored the urgency of addressing flooding as a multidimensional issue that requires coordinated action across all sectors of society. As the session drew to a close, participants were left with a deeper understanding of the complexities of urban and rural planning and the critical steps needed to safeguard communities from the impacts of flooding.

Question and Answer Portion: Highlights and Insights

The Q&A session provided a platform for participants to delve deeper into pressing issues surrounding flooding, environmental sustainability, and community engagement. Moderators emphasized brevity to accommodate the range of questions, yet the discussion remained rich and multifaceted, addressing several critical themes.

The Role of Detention Ponds in Urban Areas

One of the key highlights was the discussion on the importance of detention ponds in flood-prone urban areas. A participant raised a question about their necessity, prompting an explanation of their role as vital infrastructures for managing stormwater runoff, particularly in low-lying areas during heavy rainfall.

Drawing from examples in industrialized countries like Japan and South Korea, the speaker illustrated how these ponds are effectively integrated into urban landscapes. Beyond flood management, detention ponds were highlighted for their potential to serve dual purposes, such as acting as parks or open spaces. In Metro Manila, their multifunctionality could enhance urban livability while addressing critical flood risks.

Sustainable Practices for Resilience

The conversation also touched on adopting sustainable materials and planting native trees to strengthen environmental resilience and mitigate flooding. Native tree species, noted for their durability during typhoons, were recommended for reforestation efforts, emphasizing their role in creating thriving riverine ecosystems and supporting local wildlife.

Additionally, the session discussed innovative infrastructure solutions, including replacing traditional road materials with porous alternatives to improve water drainage. Emerging technologies were highlighted as promising tools to enhance the environmental sustainability of urban development.

Plastic Waste Management and Urban Flooding

Plastic waste was identified as a significant contributor to flooding, particularly in urban areas like Taft Avenue in Manila. Participants praised ongoing initiatives to regulate plastic packaging and waste management but stressed the importance of public education on proper disposal practices.

A question about Taft Avenue’s long-term flooding solutions led to discussions on the area’s infrastructure, including concerns about the Dolomite Beach project. The need for effective stormwater management systems was underscored to address the persistent waste-induced flooding issues.

Water Management Strategies and Rain Harvesting

Participants explored water management strategies, with a focus on rain harvesting. The speaker emphasized its potential for flood control and groundwater recharge, highlighting the importance of providing region-specific guidelines to account for varying rainfall patterns across the Philippines.

Challenges such as acquiring land rights for river system management were noted, along with the critical need for proper land use planning to facilitate water infiltration and sustainable urban development.

Human Behavior and Cultural Practices

The conversation shifted to the significant role of human behavior in effective flood management. Despite advancements in infrastructure and technology, the persistence of waste disposal issues at pumping stations underscored the need for cultural shifts.

The session called for a change in individual waste management habits, emphasizing the importance of community involvement and education. Participants agreed that flooding solutions require not only technical interventions but also behavioral and cultural transformation.

Community Engagement and Collective Action

Finally, the session emphasized the importance of participatory planning processes and collective action. One participant raised the idea of utilizing school football fields as water cisterns, showcasing innovative resource management concepts.

The speaker encouraged varying levels of stakeholder engagement among local government units to ensure inclusive planning. The session concluded with a call to action for reducing carbon footprints and supporting environmental initiatives like the Green Convergence campaign.

Through this interactive session, participants gained a deeper understanding of the multifaceted approaches needed to address flooding and environmental challenges, underscoring the collective effort required for sustainable solutions.

Posted on

State of Nature Assessment 2024: “Climate Change: Challenge to Sustainability”

DAY ONE

August 28, 2024 | Student and Alumni Center, Tarlac Agricultural University | Camiling, Province of Tarlac, Philippines

Live streamed on the Green Convergence official Facebook page

Tarlac, Philippines – As the world grapples with the accelerating impacts of climate change, the 2024 State of Nature Assessment (Green SONA 2024) convened on August 28-29, 2024, at the Student and Alumni Center of Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU). The event, with its theme “Climate Change: Challenge to Sustainability,” brought together environmental experts, government officials, industry leaders, and community stakeholders to confront the critical challenges posed by climate change and to explore sustainable solutions essential for the Philippines and beyond.

The Philippines: A Frontline Nation in the Climate Crisis

The Philippines, an archipelago of over 7,000 islands, has become a global focal point in the climate crisis. With its susceptibility to stronger typhoons, severe flooding, prolonged droughts, and disruptions in food and water supply, the country stands on the frontlines of climate change. These environmental challenges threaten to derail the nation’s development goals, making sustainable development an urgent national priority. The Green SONA 2024 was convened as a response to these dire circumstances, aiming to foster discussions and actions that can guide the Philippines toward a sustainable future.

An Assembly of Minds and Visionaries

Organized by Green Convergence for Safe Food, Healthy Environment, and Sustainable Economy (Green Convergence), Green SONA 2024 serves as an annual platform where diverse sectors come together to review environmentally significant events, share insights, and promote practices that align with the principles of sustainable development. This year’s event, held in the heart of Tarlac, marked a significant convergence of minds dedicated to addressing the climate crisis.

The event’s success was bolstered by the collaboration of key partners, including the Tarlac Provincial Government, Tarlac State University (TSU), Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU), the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), and the Energy Development Corporation (EDC). These institutions, known for their commitment to environmental conservation and sustainable development, played pivotal roles in ensuring the event’s relevance and impact.

Welcome and Orientation

Victoria M. Segovia, President of Green Convergence, welcomed the participants and provided an orientation to the program. She highlighted the critical role of the Green SONA in addressing the environmental challenges facing the nation, particularly in the context of climate change. Her remarks underscored the event’s mission to bridge the gap between awareness and action, encouraging participants to engage actively in the discussions and to be catalysts for change within their communities.

Keynote Addresses

The session proceeded with two keynote addresses, each offering unique perspectives on the climate crisis.

The first keynote, delivered by Hon. Maria Antonia Yulo-Loyzaga, Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), was pre-recorded and presented as “Climate Change: The Philippine Story.” Secretary Yulo-Loyzaga emphasized the Philippines’ vulnerability to climate change and the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that encompass both mitigation and adaptation. She highlighted ongoing government efforts, including the enhancement of disaster risk reduction frameworks and the promotion of green energy initiatives.

The second keynote, titled “Moral Choices in a Warming World,” was delivered by Teddy Baguilat, Jr., President of Angat Kalikasan Pilipinas. Baguilat challenged the audience to consider the ethical dimensions of climate action, stressing the importance of moral responsibility in the fight against climate change. He called for a collective commitment to environmental justice, particularly in protecting marginalized communities that are disproportionately affected by climate-related disasters.

Panel Session on Concerns on Resource Sustainability

The panel session on concerns regarding resource sustainability featured in-depth discussions led by experts on critical environmental issues.

Dr. Guillermo Tabios III, Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines, opened with a focus on “Flood & Watersheds.” He highlighted the crucial role that watersheds play in flood management and emphasized the need for integrated approaches that consider both environmental and human factors. Dr. Tabios discussed recent studies on flood patterns in the Philippines, noting how deforestation and land conversion adversely affect watershed health and increase vulnerability to flooding. His presentation underscored the importance of preserving natural watersheds and implementing sustainable land use practices to mitigate flood risks.

The session then moved to “Drought & Food Security,” with insights provided by Joyce Anna O. Manuel, an Instructor at the College of Agriculture and Forestry, Tarlac Agricultural University. Manuel delved into the growing threat that droughts pose to the Philippines’ food supply, exacerbated by climate change. She discussed how shifting climate patterns are impacting agricultural productivity and stressed the necessity of adopting climate-resilient farming practices. Manuel also highlighted the innovative techniques local communities are employing to adapt to these changes, such as diversifying crops and improving water management strategies to ensure food security.

Celia Esteban from the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of Tarlac Province led the discussion on “Waste Management.” Esteban addressed the formidable challenges associated with managing waste in a rapidly urbanizing nation. She pointed out the environmental consequences of improper waste disposal, including pollution and public health risks. Advocating for stronger enforcement of environmental regulations, Esteban emphasized the adoption of sustainable waste management practices like recycling and composting. She argued that both community-level initiatives and industrial practices must evolve to better handle waste sustainably and efficiently.

The morning session concluded with an engaging open forum, facilitated by Dr. Nova Ramos of SEARCA. This forum allowed participants to interact directly with the panelists, posing questions and sharing their own experiences and viewpoints. The dynamic exchange fostered a collaborative atmosphere, with participants expressing both concerns and optimism about the future of environmental sustainability in the Philippines. The open dialogue highlighted the importance of community involvement and cross-sectoral collaboration in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change and resource management.

Launching of Philippine Native Tree (PNT) Children’s Books

The afternoon session of the Green SONA 2024, continued the momentum from the morning by featuring the highly anticipated launching of the Philippine Native Tree (PNT) Children’s Books. Dr. Angelina P. Galang, Program Director of Ako ang Bukas, opened the event with a brief introduction to the initiative, outlining its importance in promoting environmental awareness and appreciation of native Philippine trees among young readers. She emphasized the role of education in nurturing a love for nature and instilling a sense of responsibility for environmental stewardship from an early age.

The ceremonial unveiling of the PNT Children’s Books was led by Victoria M. Segovia, President of Green Convergence; Joan Arbolado, Institutional Development lead of the Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE); and Gloria “Baby” Manalang-Angara, a respected figure in environmental advocacy. Each of these leaders underscored the significance of such literary contributions in fostering a deeper connection between children and the rich biodiversity of the Philippines.

The collection of books features engaging stories and vibrant illustrations, each focusing on a different native tree species and the environmental themes surrounding them. “The Tindalo House (Ang Bahay na Tindalo),” written by Gabriela Lee and illustrated by Hansel Dimapilis, presents a magical narrative.

“Treesure Hunting: The Search for the Endangered Palawan Narig (Puno ng Yaman: Ang Paghahanap sa Nanganganib na Palawan Narig),” written by Carla M. Pacis and illustrated by Alexandra R. Broekman, follows a thrilling quest.

“Little Api and the Strong Wind (Si Munting Api at Hanging-Lakas),” written and illustrated by Ina Reyes de Vera, shares a story of resilience and nature.

“Tata Oskie and His Magnificent Malabulak (Si Tata Oskie at ang Marilag na Malabulak),” written by Melissa Salva and illustrated by Ulap Namnama Z. Miguel, narrates a tale of heritage and community.

“The Puhung Monster Tree (Puhung, ang Halimaw na Puno),” written by Gidget Jimenez and illustrated by Gregg Louise, captivates with folklore and environmental lessons.

To bring these stories to life, Ma. Teresa Oliva, Executive Director of Green Convergence, narrated “Little Api and the Strong Wind,” captivating the audience with her engaging storytelling and bringing the illustrations and characters vividly to life. Her narration emphasized the educational and emotional impact of the stories, inspiring both children and adults in attendance to foster a greater appreciation for the natural world.

The launch of the PNT Children’s Books was more than a celebration of literary creativity; it was a call to action for environmental consciousness and preservation. Through these beautifully crafted stories, children are encouraged to explore and cherish their natural heritage, ensuring that the legacy of the Philippines’ native trees continues to thrive for generations to come. The event highlighted the critical role that storytelling and education play in cultivating a sustainable future, demonstrating the power of literature to inspire change and protect the environment.

Panel Session on Responding to the Challenges

The afternoon panel session, Responding to the Challenges, focused on practical solutions through a series of panel discussions. This session brought together experts from various fields to share innovative approaches and success stories in sustainable practices, particularly emphasizing community engagement and technology-driven solutions.

Dr. Krishna V. Buenaventura, Acting PG ENRO, representing Hon. Susan A. Yap, Governor of the Province of Tarlac, kicked off the session with an overview of Tarlac Rewilding & Ecological Enrichment and Sustainability (TREES). Dr. Buenaventura emphasized the importance of rewilding initiatives to restore natural habitats and enhance biodiversity. He highlighted how these efforts contribute to ecological balance, mitigate climate change, and promote sustainable land use practices in Tarlac.

Michelle B. Tañada, Executive Vice President and Chief Basurera of Alpha DDSI, and President of Balikatan sa Kaunlaran, followed with a discussion on upcycling. Tañada, who also serves as the National Foundation Director of the National Council of Women of the Philippines (NCWP), highlighted the transformative potential of upcycling, which involves repurposing waste materials into new, higher-value products. She shared successful initiatives led by her organization, emphasizing how upcycling not only reduces waste but also fosters creativity and entrepreneurship within communities. Tañada illustrated the importance of integrating upcycling into broader environmental strategies, presenting it as a viable solution for waste management and poverty alleviation.

Next, Conchita Palencia, a leader from the Province of Isabela and a key figure in the Green Ladies Association (PIGLAI), took the stage to discuss the role of household cooperatives in promoting sustainable living. As a Director of the NCWP, Palencia shared her experiences in mobilizing women and families to form cooperatives focused on sustainable practices, such as organic farming, waste segregation, and community gardening. She argued that cooperatives empower households to take collective action, fostering resilience and self-sufficiency in the face of environmental challenges. Palencia’s presentation underscored the need for stronger support systems and capacity-building programs to expand the reach and impact of household cooperatives across the country.

The discussion then shifted to agriculture, with Bernice Darvin, a Program Specialist at SEARCA, presenting on carbon-neutral farming. Darvin introduced the concept of carbon-neutral farming, which aims to balance carbon emissions with carbon sequestration to achieve a net-zero carbon footprint. She shared insights from SEARCA’s initiatives in promoting sustainable farming practices that not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also enhance soil health and biodiversity. Darvin emphasized the importance of adopting agroecological principles and integrating carbon management strategies into agricultural policies to ensure food security while mitigating climate change.

Following Darvin, Christian D. Robillos, Assistant Director of the SMART Agricultural Center at Tarlac Agricultural University, discussed the role of technology in modernizing agriculture through SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound) Agriculture. Robillos showcased cutting-edge technologies, such as precision farming tools, remote sensing, and data analytics, that are transforming the agricultural landscape. He argued that these technologies could significantly improve productivity and resource efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. Robillos called for increased investment in agricultural research and the development of farmer training programs to ensure that these innovations are accessible and beneficial to all farmers, particularly those in rural areas.

Dr. Alma M. Corpuz, Associate Dean of Tarlac State University, led the panel on enhanced environmental education and awareness. Dr. Corpuz highlighted the critical role of education in shaping environmental consciousness and driving collective action toward sustainability. She presented various educational initiatives implemented at Tarlac State University, including curriculum integration of environmental studies, community outreach programs, and partnerships with local governments and NGOs. Dr. Corpuz argued that education is the cornerstone of sustainable development, as it equips individuals with the knowledge, skills, and values needed to address environmental challenges effectively. She called for the expansion of environmental education programs at all levels, from primary schools to universities, to build a culture of sustainability across generations.

The final panelist, Agnes C. de Jesus, Chief Sustainability Officer of First Philippine Holdings Corporation (FPH), discussed the company’s commitment to regenerative practices and sustainability. De Jesus outlined FPH’s “Regenerative Path” initiative, which focuses on restoring ecosystems, enhancing biodiversity, and creating long-term value for both the environment and society. She highlighted FPH’s efforts in renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, and community development, positioning the company as a leader in corporate sustainability in the Philippines. De Jesus emphasized that businesses have a critical role to play in the transition to a sustainable economy, urging other corporations to adopt regenerative practices and contribute to national and global sustainability goals.

The comprehensive panel session showcased a variety of strategies and success stories that addressed the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change and environmental degradation. Each speaker brought unique insights and practical solutions, reinforcing the importance of collective action and innovative thinking in achieving sustainable development.

Special Message: The Importance of Climate Initiatives

Following the panel discussions, a special message was delivered by Hon. Susan A. Yap, Governor of the Province of Tarlac. Governor Yap highlighted the importance of initiatives geared towards addressing climate change, noting that local governments play a crucial role in implementing sustainable practices at the grassroots level. She praised the efforts of Green Convergence and its partners in organizing the Green SONA 2024, emphasizing that such events are vital in raising awareness, building partnerships, and driving collective action against the climate crisis. Governor Yap reaffirmed her administration’s commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable development, encouraging all sectors of society to join hands in this crucial endeavor.

Tree Planting Ceremony: A Symbol of Commitment

The day concluded with a symbolic tree planting ceremony at the TAU area, led by Green Convergence, Tarlac Agricultural University, and Tarlac State University students. The tree planting served as a powerful reminder of the need for concrete actions to complement discussions and plans. Participants, including students, faculty, and community members, planted native trees in designated areas, contributing to the university’s reforestation efforts. This act of planting trees was not only a gesture of commitment to environmental conservation but also a practical step towards enhancing the region’s biodiversity and resilience against climate change.

DAY TWO

August 29, 2024 | Student and Alumni Center, Tarlac Agricultural University | Camiling, Province of Tarlac, Philippines

Live streamed on the Green Convergence official Facebook page

Tarlac, Philippines – On August 29, 2024, the State of Nature Assessment 2024 took place at the Student and Alumni Center of Tarlac Agricultural University in Camiling, Province of Tarlac, Philippines, with the event being live-streamed on the Green Convergence official Facebook page. The day’s proceedings were emceed by David D’Angelo, Trustee of Green Convergence, and Cheska Santos, Professor at Tarlac State University. The College of the Holy Spirit led the opening prayer and the Philippine National Anthem, setting a solemn and respectful tone for the event. Dr. Angelina P. Galang, Program Director of Ako ang Bukas, then introduced the Ako ang Bukas Movement, emphasizing its mission and vision for environmental sustainability. Following this, an environment and climate change awareness workshop engaged participants, leading to a comprehensive plenary session encouraging active participation and discussion on critical ecological issues.

Posted on

Bamboo bikes, E-bikes and the Urban Bike Ecosystem

Bicycles are means of transport that can mitigate climate change, removing cyclists from motor transport which largely uses fossil fuels. Further mitigation can be achieved when parts of bicycles use environment-friendly materials like bamboo, replacing metals that need to be mined. However, bamboo growing should likewise be ecologically sustainable. To incentivize cycling, we need an efficient bike lane system that ensures safety for cyclists. Further, e-bikes which lessen pollution in the metropolis should be supported by charging stations that are powered by renewable energy.

Posted on

Mainstreaming E-vehicles: Thinking out of the Box

This episode’s objective is to provide stimulating discussion on a proposed business model that would open livelihood opportunities to consumers of renewable energy.

If more people patronize EV that are powered by coal, we will worsen availability, economic challenges in dealing with fuel, and enhance climate boiling. The proposed business model facilitates circular economy and a resolution will be drafted to create a core group that will work towards the realization of the objectives discussed during the forum

Dir. Patrick T. Aquino, Energy Utilization Mgt Bureau, DOE

He discussed EVIDA law and CREVI (comprehensive road map for electric vehicle industry). Discussed targets of government.

Rene Pineda, President, Partnership for Clean Air

He presented a business model for electric vehicles to democratize the industry. Rene’s business model recommends that another industry takes charge of the battery-production, charging from RE (to be mandated by govt), Mgt of disposal, Etc. Charging using RE will make it cheaper and ready for immediate use by e-vehicles (more efficient) The model makes EV cheaper and opens business opportunities for consumers of solar rooftop to be a charging station using their excess unused energy. the sale of electronic vehicles should be w/o the batteries. Analogy- buying a car does not include the gasoline.

Dr. Mylene Cayetano, Scientist & Professor, UP Institute of Environmental Science & Meteorology

Her 2storey house is powered by the 5kW energy from her solar rooftop. Dr. Mylene calculated the benefits she would enjoy if her excess power was to be used for a charging business compared to what is offered by the net metering scheme.

Aryanne de Ocampo, Senior Campaigner, Center for Energy, Ecology & Development

She discussed the 10M rooftop challenge that CEED recently launched. Households could pull together excess power from their system and make these accessible to others. This would eliminate generation, distribution and other costs normally paid by consumers, who source energy from the grid. Participants were excited at the exciting prospect and will continue to work together and discuss how the business model can be presented to the government for inclusion in the country’s road map.

Posted on

Has Metro Manila Reached Its Carrying Capacity

The objective of this webinar is for the participants to: (1)Be informed of the carrying capacity concept, its indicators, the challenges that come when it is exceeded and recommendations that can be adopted; (2) Listen to various views regarding carrying capacity; and (3) Gain insights from the presentations and exchanges and develop personal guide on how to ensure ecological sustainable development for our country.

Resource Speakers:

Mr. Rene Pineda, President of Partnership for Clean Air and co-organizer of this month’s Kamayan episode; Dr. Mylene Cayetano,  has over 20 years experience in the environment sector, having contributed her technical expertise in air quality research and monitoring through her chemistry and environmental science background; and Arch. Patrick Andrew Gozon, an assistant professor at U.P. Diliman College of Architecture and currently involved in research about native trees and urban greening.

Reactor: Mr. Ronnie James Casamayor, Housing ad Homesite Regulation Officer III, Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development

Posted on

DENR-PENRO Cavite Training Program

After the First Balfour deep dive training course on greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for its current suppliers, another successful session done at DENR-PENRO Cavite.

Program of activities:

Welcome Remarks …Ma. Joy Grace Sazon-Chief, Management Services
Message …Januel R. Peras-OIC, PENRO
Message & Orientation to the workshop … Angelina P. Galang, Ph. D.-Program Director, AAB
-The ecological worldview; the 7 environmental principles
Intro to the 7 Eps; EP1 & EP4 …Angelina P. Galang, Ph. D.
EP2 & EP3 …Milagros S. Serrana-Project Leader, AAB
EP5 & EP 6 … Ma. Teresa M. Oliva-Executive Director, Green Convergence
EP 7 …Victoria M. Segovia-President, Green Convergence
Climate Change 101 and Climate Action … Agnes C. de Jesus Chief Sustainability Officer, First Philippine Holdings Corporation (FPH)
The AAB Calculator Workshop…Milagros S. Serrana-Project Leader, AAB
Closing remarks …Reynaldo L. Belen-Chief, Technical Services Division

Emcee: Judaline Fabro-Asst. Chief MSD, DENR-PENRO