Category: Kamayan Para Sa Kalikasan

Kamayan’s 35th anniversary session focuses on environmental stances of 2025 midterm election candidates

For the 35th anniversary of Kamayan Para Sa Kalikasan, Green Convergence held its March 2025 forum titled “Governance and the Environment” on Friday, March 21, via Zoom and Facebook livestream, highlighting the relevance of environmental issues in choosing who to vote for in the coming 2025 Philippine midterm elections.

Green Convergence President Victoria Segovia started the forum with her opening remarks, emphasizing the importance of the “green vote” upon observance of ‘involvement of political powers in destructive and extractive industries that enrich themselves and their allies only.’

In commemoration of Kamayan’s 35-year journey, long-time moderator Marie Marciano led the video tribute for the founding fathers—Vic Milan, Ding Reyes, and Vicvic Villavicencio—who started Kamayan out of the need to mainstream environmental issues to the public.

Green Convergence also gave tribute to former environment and natural resources secretary, the late Gina Lopez, as a “woman leader for the environment” during the forum, in observance of March as International Women’s Month.

Panel discussion

The forum’s highlight was the panel discussion amongst three all-women senatorial candidates, namely, former Commission on Audit commissioner Heidi Mendoza, Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT) party list Rep. France Castro, and House of Representatives candidate under the Mamamayang Liberal (ML) party list former senator Leila de Lima. 

Mendoza’s representative was lawyer and journalist Joseph Peter Calleja while Castro was represented by Joyce Caubat, the ninth nominee of the ACT party list. De Lima joined the discussion via a pre-recorded video presentation.

On environmental plans

Calleja emphasized that climate justice is social justice: “It’s not too late to reverse the damage but it requires all of us to take the bold and unified action to vote for candidates that are pro-environment.” 

On the other hand, Caubat discussed the impacts of climate change on the education sector and presented ACT party list’s solutions, such as the release of the Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses funds for emergency cooling measures of schools, increase in the 2026 budget for school infrastructure, and implementation of heat emergency protocols in all educational institutions.

Meanwhile, De Lima acknowledged the important role of women with regard to environment and governance and further assured that the ML party list stands in solidarity with the small fishermen in opposing the recent decision of the Supreme Court to allow commercial fishing.

On issues of large-scale mining and use of nuclear power

Over the years, the ML party list candidates have continued to propose bills to solve the issues on large-scale mining and the use of nuclear power such as the Senate Bill 38 instituting a land use policy and the Renewable Energy Act of 2008.

Tackling the same issues, Calleja emphasized the need for a law that protects not just the environment but also the people, while Caubat mentioned the need for environmental impact assessments and funding for environmentally positive projects.

On the controversial anti-terror law

When asked about the killings of women environmental human rights defenders, Calleja stood his ground on due process while Caubat shared their party list’s initiative to sign an anti-redtagging bill along with other organizations. 

De Lima also promised in her pre-recorded video to propose a bill that will address the issue on the protection and safety of the environmental defenders in the country.

On the production of GMOs 

On the “disconnect of the organic agriculture act and fisheries modernization act,” Calleja mentioned that it is one of Mendoza’s plans to augment the budget for research as GMOs’ potential harm to human health, biodiversity, and environment is an important issue that needs to be studied.

Caubat, on the other hand, amplified a pro-people stance given that farmers raise concerns on the impacts of GMOs on crop production: “Yes, it’s technological advancement … but it could also lead to increase in corporate control over agriculture, undermining traditional farming practices and food sovereignty.” 

Initiatives presented in Luntian de Avance

The second part of the forum gathered environmental organizations to tackle the people’s environmental agenda and track record assessments of senatorial candidates.

Panatang Luntian Coordinator Niña Fegi discussed the 11-point people’s environmental agenda, which addressed issues on destructive infrastructure projects, protection of environmental defenders, conservation of biodiversity and natural resources, waste management, equitable local food production, and many more.

In line with this, Center for Environmental Concerns researcher Kevin Cordoviz discussed a fact-based assessment of senatorial candidates titled “Envibe Check” which categorized the “greenest candidates” and the “dirtiest candidates.”

Among the greenest candidates were Ronnel Arambulo, France Castro, Ka Leody de Guzman, Liza Maza, Danilo Ramos, Arlene Brosas, Jerome Adonis, Roberto Ballon, Roy Cabonegro, Teodoro Casiño, Luke Espiritu, and Amirah Lidasan. On the other hand, the dirtiest candidates were Ariel Querubin, Bong Revilla, Allen Capuyan, Rodante Marcoleta, Eric Martinez, Apollo Quiboloy, Bato Dela Rosa, Arnel Escobal, Bong Go, Raul Lambino, Jimmy Bondoc, and Panfilo Lacson.

Among the themes, food, energy, and climate have the highest affirmative engagements, mostly observed from the greenest candidates, while environmental defenders and civic spaces have the highest negative engagements, mostly observed from the dirtiest candidates.

Green Convergence Vice President and Miriam College Environmental Studies Institute Executive Director Sr. Marvie Misolas ended the forum by reminding everyone their most important task: choosing leaders with an ecological lens. 

The next Kamayan forum was announced to be on April 25, contrary to the usual third Friday schedule, in respect to the Good Friday.

Kamayan Para Sa Kalikasan is a monthly initiative organized by Green Convergence Philippines that enables non-government organizations (NGOs) and government representatives, the media, students, teachers, church groups, and concerned citizens to discuss, analyze, and create solutions to pressing environmental issues in the country.

Green Convergence held its Kamayan Para Sa Kalikasan forum for the month of February 2025 titled “5th Philippine Environment Summit in a Capsule” on Friday, February 28, via Zoom and Facebook livestream.

The February forum aimed to debrief and relay ‘in a capsule’ the discussions during the 5th Philippine Environment Summit, which was convened last February 19 to 21, 2025, at the Grand Xing Imperial Hotel in Iloilo City, with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

In recollection of her opening remarks during the Summit, the forum was opened by Green Convergence President Victoria Segovia, amplifying the international, local, and even individual responsibility to ‘quantum leap to climate neutrality.’ This echoes the “Ako Ang Bukas” movement to achieve net zero carbon emissions by the year 2050.

“Together, let us find solutions and inspire each other to take the big leap toward net zero emissions in the immediate future,” Segovia said.

The forum then proceeded to present discussions of the plenary resource speakers in the Summit, covering those that encapsulate the calls to action forwarded in the three-day conference.

Tackling how climate change is an existential threat to human civilization, First Philippine Holdings Corporation Chair and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Federico Lopez’ talk was presented in the forum.

Lopez detailed climate impacts that have stemmed from the increase of the global temperature above the pre-industrial average, making 2024 the hottest recorded year in the last 125,000 years.

These climate impacts include the alarming spread of wildfires, heat waves causing office and class suspensions, severe droughts affecting agriculture, ocean heat fueling more super typhoons, melting glaciers and ice sheets causing sea level rise, record of the worst coral bleaching, and more that are bringing not only ‘massive destruction’ but also ‘dispossessing millions of families of everything that they have on a brutal and repeated basis.’

“Today, no one is spared from the unprecedented fury that’s unleashed by the more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events that’s supercharged by climate change,” Lopez emphasized.

On the other hand, as presented in the forum, Department of Agriculture (DA) Undersecretary for Policy, Planning, and Regulations Atty. Asis Perez highlighted in his talk during the Summit the effects of climate change on food security.

Perez emphasized that climate change would not be viewed as a concept by farmers, but would rather feel the impacts of it directly, hence the need to focus on more productivity, resiliency, and income from farmers.

He also detailed the mitigation measures that are lined up for the agriculture sector. These include their coconut tree planting initiatives given its high potential in carbon sequestration, composting of biodegradable waste through their facility, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) for rice, manure management, and use of solar energy for irrigation systems in farming.

Following the talks of Lopez on climate change and Perez on food security, First Philippine Holdings Corporation Chief Sustainability Officer Agnes de Jesus provided a talk on what Green Convergence through the “Ako Ang Bukas” (AAB) program is doing to aid greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction measures—the AAB calculator.

De Jesus delved into the technicalities which help calculate the carbon footprint of entities and households who utilize the AAB calculator. She also shared the trainings conducted with Cavite’s Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO), Ormoc City, and First Balfour to encourage the use of the calculator to gauge GHG reduction.

In line with this mission, De Jesus presented the total calculated carbon footprint generated by convening the three-day Summit and what Green Convergence, with the Nature Awareness and Conservation Club, Inc. headed by Social Responsibility Specialist Violeta Imperial, has done to offset the carbon footprint of the Summit—a tree planting activity of 1,500 mangrove seedlings.

Green Convergence Trustee Dr. Angelina Galang then concluded with a presentation of the resolutions and recommendations, as reflected in the Summit outcomes. These covered calls to face the triple planetary crises—climate change, biodiversity loss, and plastic pollution, involve education sectors to raise awareness and popularize climate actions, forward mitigation and adaptation measures inclined with climate justice, and more.

The February forum was closed by Green Convergence Trustee Dr. Cecilia Gascon, wherein she emphasized the need for collective effort to quickly turn knowledge into action, mentioning collaboration as the ‘most powerful tool.’

Moreover, Gascon acknowledged the evident involvement of the youth during the Summit, saying that it is a sign of hope. “Your passion and commitment remind us that climate action is not just about policies and plans, but about empowering a generation that will drive real lasting change,” she expressed.

Kamayan Para Sa Kalikasan is a monthly initiative organized by Green Convergence Philippines that enables non-government organizations (NGOs) and government representatives, the media, students, teachers, church groups, and concerned citizens to discuss, analyze, and create solutions to pressing environmental issues in the country.

The forum commenced in anticipation of the upcoming 5th Philippine Environment Summit on February 19 to 21, 2025 at the Grand Xing Imperial Hotel in Iloilo City, co-convened by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and partnered with the Energy Development Corporation (EDC).

Victoria Segovia, President of Green Convergence, opened the forum with an overview of the current climate issues that need to be addressed, including effects of climate change on crop production, inflation, and “heatflation” which she related to the wildfire that has been destructing Los Angeles, United States of America.

Resource speakers were also invited to share their insights, especially on ground projects that will also be showcased in the summit.

Dr. Angelina Galang, Board Trustee of Green Convergence, provided an overview of the upcoming 5th Philippine Environment Summit, discussing the brief history of environmental initiatives throughout the years and connecting it to the causes that Philippine environmental summits push forward.

“We had always dreamed of reaching many, many people because one of our objectives is to have a critical mass of Filipinos working for the environment,” Dr. Galang expressed.

Green Convergence member Angeline Templonuevo then discussed soil health and its significance to protecting biodiversity and food security in an urban setting, with much emphasis on the role of soil microorganisms in maintaining healthy soils and sequestering carbon.

On the other hand, Edwina Garchitorena, Country Director of the Zoological Society of London, shared insights on the importance of blue carbon ecosystems in terms of ecosystem services.

Garchitorena gave an overview of what has been documented on mangrove and seagrass ecosystems throughout the years, including protection from storms, depletion of wave energy, help in fishery production, and preservation of food security—which explains the need to discuss the way mangroves and seagrass beds are used, conserved, rehabilitated, and restored.

Assistant Professor Dan William Martinez from Bataan Peninsula State University detailed the methods used in calculating the university’s energy audit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which include campus-wide and building-wide inventories.

Lastly, Rafaela Ramos, Project Development Officer from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, Planning, International Affairs, and Climate Change Department, shared her experiences when she attended the 4th Philippine Environment Summit back when she was a student, stating that being in the summit was a ‘unique,’ ‘valuable,’ and ‘once in a lifetime’ experience.

Green Convergence’s Assistant Corporate Secretary Ciela Castillo then gave her closing remarks for the January 2025 Kamayan Para Sa Kalikasan forum, acknowledging the discussions that the resource speakers have supplemented for the much-awaited summit.

Victoria Segovia, President of Green Convergence, opened the forum discussing a backgrounder on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Conference of Parties (COP), notably the COP 29 that was held last November 11 to 22, 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Segovia echoed the question of how COP 29 can lead other nations, given that the host country is dependent on the petroleum industry, which includes oil and gas extraction. This question was aligned with the plight of COP 29.

COPs take place every year to address the climate crisis such as limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5°C, helping vulnerable communities adapt to the effects of climate change, and achieving net-zero emissions or “climate neutrality” by year 2050.

The 29th COP then circled back to the Paris Agreement, formed during COP 21 in November 2015, which set a global framework of avoiding dangerous climate change with setting global temperature limits.

Segovia amplified the COP’s aim to support countries’ efforts. “The first world countries or the northern countries are obliged to give money and technological support, so that the southern countries or third world countries will be supported in their efforts at adaptation and mitigation,” she explained.

The key priorities for COP 29 then include setting new goals on climate finance, ensuring that every country has the means to take stronger climate action, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, building resilient communities, and assessing countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

Segovia then concluded her opening remarks by summarizing the results of the COP 29 in Baku.

Following the negotiations in Baku, loss and damage discussions were agreed to be critical for pacific nations such as the Philippines, as they are prone to disasters and calamities. This is aligned to the continuous cry for climate justice, especially on making wealthy countries support vulnerable countries.

Delegates from the southern or third world countries also complained about not being heard and recognized as much as they need.

Moreover, with ongoing military conflicts across the globe, the call for redirecting military spending to climate financing and, ultimately, accountability in terms of emissions is amplified through the conference.

Segovia then introduced the three resource speakers that were to further discuss these results in the December forum.

Albert Magalang, Chief Environmental Management Specialist of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Climate Change Service, said that the COP 29 still is a call for accountability, linking it with the Philippines’ perspective.

Magalang expressed that the COP 29 outcomes ‘reflect a growing recognition of the need for collective action to address the climate crisis,’ as he wrapped up his talk for the forum.

On civil society’s views, Living Laudato Si Executive Director Rodne Galicha echoed the call to approach the climate crisis by tapping the grassroot sectors and communities.

He emphasized that though there was outrage and disappointment, there still is hope, because ‘the commitment to genuine climate action and accountability is strengthened more to defend the communities served and ecosystems protected.’

Furthermore, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Management and Reporting Unit Chief Sandee Recabar addressed the updates of the Philippines’ second submission of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC).

Her discussion on the NDC updates are in line with the Paris Agreement and its shift to a more bottom-up approach, as developed countries are being asked to commit to reduce emissions and provide support for vulnerable countries in their efforts to abide by climate targets.

Albert Magalang, Chief Environmental Management Specialist of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Climate Change Service, said that the Conference of Parties (COP) 29 is still a call for accountability during his discussion in the Kamayan Para sa Kalikasan forum title “Global Climate Talks: Expectations vs. Reality” held on December 20, linking it with the Philippines’ perspective.

He emphasized that the COP 29 which took place at Baku, Azerbaijan last November 11 to November 22, 2024, delivered a mix of progress and challenges with significant advancements in finance and some adaptation efforts.

On climate finance, Magalang laid out the new plan on a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance, which addresses the concern on financial gaps between developed and vulnerable countries.

Mentioning the Philippines as a vulnerable funder, he said that the country is pushing for concrete assurance in terms of loss and damage mechanisms to deliver necessary financial support.

On carbon markets or the “Article 6.2,” Magalang said that the COP 29 clarified how countries will authorize carbon credit transactions and manage tracking registries.

Especially, the need for mandatory safeguards to protect the environment and human rights, such as in instances where Indigenous Peoples’ (IP) consent is involved.

On Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), parties at the COP 29 were encouraged to update their climate commitments to be ‘more ambitious, investable, and equitable’ in line with the five-year commitments to phase out fossil fuels and triple renewable energy capacity.

Moreover, Magalang pointed out that despite the ambitious goal of the Mitigation Work Programme (MWP) in COP 26 in Glasgow to ‘urgently scale up mitigation ambition and implementation,’ progress has been limited to workshops and discussions, which only resulted in disagreements.

During COP 28 in Dubai, negotiations failed to address whether the MWP should convey strong political messages or remain strictly technical. This dispute continued at COP 29, as the inclusion of references to transitioning away from fossil fuel use was pointed out given that it remains to be a significant barrier to decarbonization.

Similar discussions occurred on the global stock take, wherein both developed and vulnerable countries pushed for stronger commitments to reduce fossil fuel use, while some countries implied the need for finance-focused discussions rather than specific fossil fuel talks.

With this, COP 30 is now said to hold more potential for renewed momentum, especially in terms of accountability and climate action.

On the gap regarding climate finance, the mechanisms for scaling and disbursing funds remain unclear. “There’s the challenge of ensuring financial commitments that should be translated into project pipelines and real action on the ground,” Magalang noted.

He also mentioned the gap on linking climate and nature, as nature was less prominent in considering biodiversity pathways with climate action.

Furthermore, Magalang said, “the forthcoming COPs need to work more closely with businesses, particularly with higher emitting sectors.”

This effort should allow businesses to ‘develop their own detailed energy transition plans and seek market-based solutions.’

Magalang concludes that the COP 29 outcomes ‘reflect a growing recognition of the need for collective action to address the climate crisis,’ as he wrapped up his talk for the forum.

Living Laudato Si Executive Director Rodne Galicha echoed civil society’s call to approach the climate crisis by tapping the grassroots in the Kamayan Para Sa Kalikasan forum titled “Global Climate Talks: Expectations vs. Reality” held on December 20, as he deduced the results of the Conference of Parties (COP) 29.

Following the COP 29 that took place at Baku, Azerbaijan last November 11 to November 22, 2024, Galicha linked the outcomes of the conference agreements to how civil society and local communities view them.

He explained that the two major climate actions: mitigation and adaptation, cannot happen without financial aid and transfer of technology, especially for vulnerable countries.

This disadvantage then opened the discussion on assigning a loss and damage mechanism. “Dapat ang malalaking bansa na naging dahilan ng malaking disasters na ito, dahil sa epekto ng krisis sa klima, ay dapat magbigay ng tulong, ayuda, to address, avert, and minimize ‘yung losses and damages natin [vulnerable countries] na nararanasan,” Galicha said.

“The developed countries that are major reasons behind disasters, because of the effects of the climate crisis, should provide help, or aid, to address, avert, and minimize the loss and damage that vulnerable countries experience,” Galicha said.]

Another strategy that had stemmed out of the COP 29 was the “just transition,” which pushes the idea that no one should be left behind, ecosystem-wise, as it is rooted in climate justice and human rights.

“Just transition” also puts into consideration the intergenerational impacts of climate actions and/or plans.

Galicha also emphasized the financial implications of the COP 29 results in his discussion of the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG).

The NCQG disclosed that 300 billion dollars is the new target for developed countries to lead in helping vulnerable countries. Amplifying the position of climate justice groups, it was however raised that 300 billion dollars is not enough to support vulnerable countries and that it should be at least 1.3 trillion dollars.

Galicha said that 300 billion dollars with no guarantee of any public provision of funding will only put vulnerable countries such as the Philippines into deeper debt. Moreover, he said that the NCQG must require a loss and damage mechanism.

The carbon markets, or “Article 6.2,” was discussed, as many people, especially Indigenous communities, don’t support the idea of “carbon trading.”

Galicha raised the question on whether the counting with a centralized carbon market mechanism will be charged to the commitment of the participating countries in carbon trading to their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) or will be credited to the countries that protect thousands of hectares of forests.

To conclude his talk on civil society perspectives on the COP 29 results, he said that though there was outrage and disappointment, there still is hope, because ‘the commitment to genuine climate action and accountability is strengthened more to defend the communities served and ecosystems protected.’

He also pointed out that the COP 29 is just ‘one of the many platforms we ought to engage’ and that the conversation must continue because ‘at the end of the day, it [climate action] still is up to us.’

Furthermore, he wrapped up with a call to the governments to approach the climate crisis by opening its doors to and tapping civil society and communities.

Have you ever wondered how our planet’s natural defenses shield us from intense typhoons?

In this enlightening discussion, Green Convergence brings together esteemed experts to share insights on:

– The crucial role of mountain ranges as natural barriers

– Exploitative activities impacting our mountains

– Success stories in protection and regeneration

Meet our speakers:

– Fernand Francis M. Hermoso (UP College of Social Sciences and Philosophy)

– Dr. Nathaniel T. Servando  l  Represented by Joey Figuracion (PAGASA)

– Conrad Vargas (Stop Kaliwa Dam Network)

– Rodne Galicha (Living Laudato Si)

The October 2024 edition of the Kamayan para sa Kalikasan Forum delved into the intersection of spirituality and environmental stewardship, examining how these elements intertwine in addressing the urgent climate crisis. With a theme centered on “Spirituality and Earth Care: Are They Connected?”, the forum explored humanity’s spiritual and moral responsibilities in protecting the Earth.

Opening Segment

The session began with an invocation, featuring a prayer from Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ (Praise Be: On Care for Our Common Home). This moving prayer called upon the Creator to inspire collective action in rescuing the neglected and healing the Earth, setting a reverent and contemplative tone for the event.

Participants were welcomed with a brief overview of the house rules, followed by the Philippine National Anthem. Moderators Marie Marciano of SALIKA and Randy Oliva of Green Convergence introduced themselves and the forum, underscoring its legacy as a monthly environmental dialogue since 1990.

Victoria Segovia, President of Green Convergence, delivered the opening remarks. She highlighted the ongoing celebration of the Season of Creation, observed from September through October 4, extending to Indigenous Peoples Sunday on October 13. She recognized the invaluable role of Indigenous communities in sustainable environmental practices and affirmed the Catholic Church’s commitment to honoring creation through this liturgical season.

Marciano outlined the event structure, which included expert presentations followed by an open forum for participant insights and questions. She warmly acknowledged the diverse audience comprising representatives from academia, religious orders, civic organizations, government agencies, and the private sector.

Session One: Interrelatedness of Spirituality and Earth Care

Resource Person:

Fr. Jose Ramon T. Villarin, SJ
Trustee and Director
Manila Observatory

Fr. Jose Ramon Villarin, SJ, a renowned climate scientist and theologian, commenced his presentation by differentiating between nature (kalikasan) and creation. He explained that while nature is often seen as an abstract entity, creation implies intentionality and a divine source. This distinction invites a profound spiritual perspective, fostering humility and gratitude for the universe as a gift from the Creator.

He reflected on the concept of stewardship, emphasizing that humanity’s role is not one of dominance but of care and responsibility. By recognizing creation as a divine gift, humans are called to cultivate an attitude of reverence rather than entitlement.

Fr. Villarin also discussed the challenges posed by technocratic mindsets, which often prioritize profit and efficiency over harmony with natural rhythms. He stressed the importance of rest and respecting the cycles of nature, aligning these practices with spiritual teachings.

In connecting spirituality and environmental care, he highlighted Pope Francis’ call to prioritize the marginalized—both people and ecosystems—as part of a holistic approach to caring for our common home. True love for God, he noted, is demonstrated through love for one’s neighbor and responsible environmental stewardship.

Insights and Reflections

Fr. Villarin further explored humanity’s biblical mandate to “care for and cultivate” the Earth. He contrasted this call for stewardship with the pitfalls of anthropocentrism, which often leads to exploitation and environmental degradation. Quoting from Genesis, he emphasized that stewardship is not just a duty but a privilege entrusted to humanity by God.

He called for discernment in human interactions with creation, urging participants to adopt new economic models that balance respect for nature with human development. He also advocated for making the “invisible” aspects of nature—such as clean air and biodiversity—visible in decision-making processes.

Conclusion and Call to Action

The forum concluded with an open forum where participants shared insights and posed questions. Discussions reinforced the central theme: spirituality is inseparable from environmental care. By integrating these aspects, humanity can address the dual crises of ecological degradation and spiritual disconnection.

The Kamayan para sa Kalikasan Forum reminded attendees of the urgency of collective action, grounded in humility, gratitude, and a shared responsibility to care for our common home. The dialogue exemplified the profound interconnectedness between spiritual principles and environmental sustainability.

Session Two: Universality of Caring for Creation

Resource Person:
Anthony James H. Vizmanos, PhD(c), MFSM, PFT
Head of Buddhist Literacy
Universal Wisdom Foundation-Buddhist Youth Group

The Earth and Living Beings: A Buddhist Perspective

“Ang lahat ng bagay ay magkaugnay…”
 “Everything is interconnected.”

This profound concept lies at the heart of Buddhist philosophy, encapsulated in the principle of Dependent Origination, or pratītyasamutpāda. This term describes the intricate web of interconnectedness that binds all beings and phenomena, emphasizing that nothing exists independently. Everything is part of a complex network of causality.

Interconnectedness and Karma

In Buddhism, this interconnectedness extends to the actions of all beings, whether sentient or non-sentient. Each action creates a ripple effect, influencing others and shaping outcomes through the principle of karma. Good deeds yield positive outcomes, while harmful actions result in negative consequences. This cause-and-effect relationship underscores the responsibility of each being to foster harmony with others and the environment.

Sentient and Non-Sentient Beings

Sentience Defined

Sentience in Buddhist thought depends on the Five Aggregates or Skandhas, as outlined in the Khandha Sutta. These aggregates are:

1. Form (Rupa): The physical existence of a being.
2. Sensation (Vedana): The ability to feel and experience.
3. Perception (Samjna): Awareness of sensory input.
4. Mental Formations (Samskara): Thoughts, emotions, and tendencies shaped by past lives or the present.
5. Consciousness (Vijnana): The discernment and decision-making ability.

Sentience also involves the capacity to experience dukkha (suffering), samsara (rebirth), and the illusions of existence.

Caring for Non-Sentient Beings

Even non-sentient beings, such as plants, are respected in Buddhism. According to the Samannaphala Sutta, the Buddha taught that damaging plant life is against virtuous practice. Although plants lack sentience, they are living beings capable of propagating new life. Seeds, roots, cuttings, and buds are given careful consideration, as they hold the potential to create and sustain new flora. This reflects a deep reverence for all forms of life.

Sentient Beings in Lower Realms

Sentient beings in the lower realms include animals and other creatures that do not belong to the human realm or higher spiritual planes. In the Mahayana tradition, some animals are believed to possess Buddha-nature, the inherent potential to achieve enlightenment in future rebirths. These beings, exhibiting heightened sentience or human-like behavior, are viewed as part of the broader spiritual journey.

One example shared during the discussion was a video of a Theravāda monk engaging with his pet cat while studying the Dharma. By fostering such a relationship, the monk helps the cat manifest its Buddha-nature, thereby sharing merits and spiritual growth.

Life Release and the Ecosystem

A unique Buddhist practice known as life release involves freeing animals from captivity into the wild. However, this must be done responsibly:

1. Only native and non-invasive species should be released.
2. Animals must be returned to their appropriate habitats.
3. Domesticated animals, instead of being released, should be adopted and cared for.

This practice exemplifies Buddhism’s commitment to preserving ecosystems while promoting compassion.

The Quandary of Creation: Cause and Condition

Buddhism does not embrace the concept of creation as understood in many religious traditions. Instead, it views existence through the lens of Cause and Condition. This perspective aligns with scientific principles like adaptation, natural selection, and ecological succession.

Living beings are shaped by their environments, and their existence is a response to the conditions they face. For example, changes in a habitat influence the state of its inhabitants, highlighting the cyclical and conditional nature of life.

Caring for Humanity: The Noble Eightfold Path

In Buddhism, care for oneself and others is guided by the Noble Eightfold Path. This path serves as a moral and ethical framework to alleviate suffering and achieve liberation:

1. Right Understanding (Samma Ditthi): Grasping the truth of existence.
2. Right Thought (Samma Sankappa): Cultivating positive intentions.
3. Right Speech (Samma Vaca): Speaking truthfully and kindly.
4. Right Action (Samma Kammanta): Acting ethically.
5. Right Livelihood (Samma Ajiva): Pursuing work that does not harm others.
6. Right Effort (Samma Vayama): Maintaining focus on positive development.
7. Right Mindfulness (Samma Sati): Being present and aware.
8. Right Concentration (Samma Samadhi): Focusing the mind for clarity and peace.

These principles encourage compassion, understanding, and respect, fostering harmony within individuals and communities.

Conclusion

Buddhism teaches that the interconnectedness of all beings—sentient and non-sentient—forms the foundation of existence. Caring for one another, whether a person, an animal, or a plant, creates ripples that affect the broader web of life. By recognizing this interconnectedness and practicing respect, compassion, and mindfulness, individuals can contribute to a more balanced and harmonious world.

Viewer Interaction: Insights on Nature, Values, and Spirituality

During the interactive portion of the webinar, Vizmanos engaged viewers in a thoughtful discussion on the profound relationship between technology, human values, and environmental stewardship. He explored how modern advancements influence younger generations and highlighted the need to reconnect children with nature to foster respect and appreciation for life in all its forms.

Vizmanos began by reflecting on how technology has reshaped how children perceive and interact with the world. With screens dominating much of their attention, children are becoming increasingly distanced from the natural environment. To counteract this, Vizmanos encouraged parents and guardians to actively expose their children to nature. Activities like visiting parks, hiking trails, or simply observing wildlife can instill in young minds a sense of peace, wonder, and responsibility for the environment.

He emphasized that nurturing a connection with nature is vital for developing compassionate and life-respecting values. Experiencing the tranquility of natural settings helps children appreciate the beauty and intricacy of ecosystems, fostering an ethic of care that extends to sentient beings. Teaching children to observe wildlife without harm and respect animals’ habitats lays the foundation for their stewardship of the planet.

Vizmanos further incorporated Buddhist principles, particularly the concept of karma, into the conversation. He explained how this philosophy underscores the interconnectedness of actions and outcomes: good deeds lead to positive effects, while harmful actions have detrimental consequences. This perspective invites individuals to consider how their treatment of the environment directly impacts their lives and the world around them.

Shifting to spirituality’s broader role in environmental care, Vizmanos remarked that most religions advocate for protecting the planet. He cited Buddhism’s teachings on interconnectedness and harmony with nature as a model for fostering a more balanced existence. He also offered practical guidance for visiting sacred spaces associated with environmental advocacy, noting the importance of respectful attire and an awareness of cultural symbols, such as a large metal marker used to welcome visitors.

The session underscored the importance of aligning spiritual principles, familial values, and environmental care to create a harmonious and sustainable future. By integrating these elements into daily life, Vizmanos argued, individuals can cultivate a deeper respect for nature while nurturing a sense of responsibility in future generations

Session Three: Sapat/Interconnectedness

Resource Person:
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
International Indigenous Activist
Kankana-ey Igorot

Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, an esteemed international indigenous activist and former United Nations Special Rapporteur, explored the profound interconnectedness of spirituality, environmental stewardship, and cultural traditions. As a prominent leader, she shared insights from her work, including her role in drafting the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Her discussion revolved around the responsibilities of indigenous communities in preserving ecosystems and the deep-rooted connection between spirituality and the care of the Earth.

The Seventh Generation Ethic:
Intergenerational Environmental Stewardship

Tauli-Corpuz emphasized the Seventh Generation ethic, a guiding principle in indigenous cultures that underscores the importance of environmental preservation for the well-being of future generations. She explained how indigenous teachings connect past, present, and future, with elders passing down knowledge to younger generations to ensure continuity.

This ethic manifests in rituals and cultural practices tied to the agricultural cycle, where communities offer gratitude and prayers for abundance. Ceremonies such as honoring the deceased also highlight respect for lineage and memory, as elders share stories that bind generations together. These traditions foster an enduring sense of responsibility toward the environment and future generations.

Cultural Values and Community Cooperation

At the core of Tauli-Corpuz’s discussion was the role of cultural values in nurturing relationships and fostering cooperation. Indigenous communities emphasize principles such as reciprocity, respect for elders, and mutual respect, which serve as the foundation of their social structures.

One notable practice is collective agricultural work, which exemplifies the importance of collaboration. By working together during planting and harvesting, communities achieve greater efficiency while strengthening bonds. Tauli-Corpuz also highlighted the shared moral principles across different belief systems, demonstrating the universality of these values in promoting harmony and social cohesion.

Community Rituals and Traditions

Rituals and traditions remain integral to indigenous life, particularly during significant milestones such as weddings and births. Weddings are intergenerational gatherings where families share stories, pass down traditions, and distribute inheritances. Similarly, childbirth rituals, including naming ceremonies, are communal events that celebrate new life and reinforce cultural values.

Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, these practices adapted to prioritize health and safety, illustrating the resilience of indigenous traditions in maintaining their cultural identity while responding to modern challenges.

Protecting Communal Resources: Banau Lake

Tauli-Corpuz shared a compelling story about Banau Lake, a sacred site central to the identity and livelihood of an indigenous community. When an individual attempted to privatize the lake by fencing it off, the community took collective legal action to defend their rights. Their success underscored the strength of customary laws in preserving communal resources and protecting sacred sites.

Customary laws, deeply rooted in cultural values, guide community practices and outline consequences for violations. These systems ensure the preservation of natural and cultural heritage while fostering unity and resilience.

Indigenous Governance and Identity

Central to Tauli-Corpuz’s discussion was the concept of governance within indigenous communities, guided by customary laws and cultural values such as inayan—a principle denoting forbidden actions. She described how these systems address offenses like theft and lying through community-led processes, ensuring accountability and rehabilitation.

Language also plays a vital role in preserving identity. Tauli-Corpuz stressed the need to protect indigenous languages, which carry the essence of cultural traditions. This aligns with the international decade of indigenous languages, a movement to safeguard linguistic heritage worldwide.

Spiritual Beliefs and Biodiversity Conservation

Indigenous spiritual beliefs about nature significantly contribute to biodiversity conservation. Tauli-Corpuz explained how natural elements, such as lakes and trees, are regarded as having spirits, requiring respect and care. This worldview has enabled indigenous territories to host some of the richest tropical forest biodiversity on Earth.

Through strong governance systems and values, indigenous communities prevent harmful practices like damming rivers, which would disrupt natural ecosystems. These practices not only protect the environment but also sustain livelihoods and cultural traditions.

Justice Systems and Cultural Accountability

Tauli-Corpuz highlighted the importance of community-based justice systems in promoting peace and addressing wrongdoing. She recounted a case of traditional punishment—banishment for a perpetrator of rape—which served as both a deterrent and a reflection of cultural values.

These traditional systems, she argued, are cost-effective, accessible, and rooted in cultural wisdom. They not only resolve conflicts but also reinforce environmental protection and intergenerational knowledge transfer. Tauli-Corpuz advocated for these practices as valuable models that could inspire broader global efforts toward peace, justice, and sustainable development.

Conclusion

Victoria Tauli-Corpuz’s insights illuminated the interconnectedness of spirituality, environmental care, cultural traditions, and governance in indigenous communities. By honoring their values and practices, indigenous peoples offer a profound example of how interconnectedness can guide humanity toward a more harmonious and sustainable future.

Question and Answer Portion: Highlights and Insights

The final segment of the forum transitioned into an engaging and reflective discussion, focusing on logistical details, participant feedback, and profound conversations around spirituality, environmental care, and cultural identity.

The session opened with a reminder about the evaluation form, which participants were encouraged to complete to provide valuable feedback for future forums. The process for obtaining a certificate of participation was outlined, requiring actual attendance and the submission of the evaluation form. Following this, participants were invited to join an open forum to share their thoughts, questions, and reflections.

One participant highlighted the enriching discussions, noting how the diverse perspectives shared complemented one another, deepening their understanding of interconnectedness.

Blending Traditional Values and Modern Technology

A thought-provoking discussion emerged on the integration of traditional values with modern advancements in technology. Tauli-Corpuz emphasized the evolution of indigenous practices, particularly the use of tools like GPS and GIS technology for mapping territories and conducting resource inventories. These technologies not only aid in environmental protection but also serve as a means of preserving cultural identity.

The conversation underscored the delicate balance between honoring traditional values and embracing beneficial modern developments. While adaptation is essential, communities were reminded to remain critical of technologies or practices that could harm ecosystems or cultural heritage. This integration also tied into the symbolic importance of the seventh day as a universal day of rest, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all creation.

Indigenous Education and Cultural Preservation

The discussion pivoted to the urgent need for incorporating indigenous education and values into mainstream curricula. Participants advocated for increased resources and support for indigenous languages and cultural storytelling, noting the critical role these elements play in identity formation and heritage preservation.

Suggestions included utilizing modern mediums such as film and music to engage younger generations, making cultural education both accessible and appealing. A critique of traditional values education was raised, urging the Department of Education to adopt an integrated approach that emphasizes linguistic diversity and cultural relevance across all subjects.

Spirituality, Love, and Faith

Another thread explored the intersection of spirituality, love, and faith, challenging conventional religious frameworks. Participants reflected on love as a spiritual force, even for those skeptical of organized religion. The concept of “Anonymous Christians” was introduced, suggesting that belief in love and humanity can itself be a valid spiritual path.

One participant shared a personal anecdote involving a poem that reimagined God as a benevolent force rather than a punitive figure. This conversation highlighted the rejection of oppressive religious ideologies while affirming a broader, inclusive understanding of spirituality.

Nature, Healing, and Spiritual Connections

The relationship between spirituality, environmental care, and personal well-being was another focal point. A speaker reflected on the phrase “rest well,” suggesting a belief in life beyond death and acknowledging the spiritual conflicts that atheists may experience.

A poignant story about the speaker’s nature-loving mother illustrated the healing presence of pets and the spiritual connection between humans and animals. This reflection led to broader discussions on the role of nature in fostering inner peace and the importance of influential figures in promoting environmental action.

Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Environmental Stewardship

Mindfulness emerged as a universal practice transcending religious boundaries, fostering both self-awareness and environmental consciousness. Participants discussed how meditation and focused breathing can reconnect individuals with their inner selves and promote respect for nature.

Experiences such as tree planting and sensory immersion in natural settings were shared, illustrating how mindfulness enhances the connection between humans and the environment. These practices were presented as essential tools for navigating the challenges of modern, fast-paced lifestyles.

St. Francis of Assisi and Ecological Compassion

The teachings of St. Francis of Assisi provided a spiritual lens for understanding the moral obligations of environmental stewardship. St. Francis, recognized as the patron saint of ecology, exemplified compassion for all living creatures, even earthworms. His reverence for nature served as an inspiring model for contemporary ecological care.

Participants also reflected on Pope Francis’s efforts to reconcile with indigenous communities, acknowledging the historical importance of indigenous environmental stewardship in global conservation efforts.

Addressing Planetary Crises with Spirituality and Justice

The forum concluded with a discussion on the intersection of spirituality, justice, and ecological integrity in addressing global crises. Participants explored the concept of interconnectedness, emphasizing compassion and equity for all living beings as fundamental to contemporary spirituality.

The conversation introduced the term “planetary crisis,” referencing urgent issues like climate change and biodiversity loss. The younger generation’s passion for justice and environmental care was highlighted as a hopeful sign of global progress. The Universal Responsibility Charter’s call for ecological integrity was also discussed, framing the spiritual responsibility to protect and restore the Earth’s ecosystems.

In closing, the session affirmed the presence of divine inspiration throughout the universe, offering hope and new pathways for collective ecological action. The forum left participants with a renewed sense of purpose, grounded in the interconnectedness of spirituality, environmental care, and cultural identity.

Bicycles are means of transport that can mitigate climate change, removing cyclists from motor transport which largely uses fossil fuels. Further mitigation can be achieved when parts of bicycles use environment-friendly materials like bamboo, replacing metals that need to be mined. However, bamboo growing should likewise be ecologically sustainable. To incentivize cycling, we need an efficient bike lane system that ensures safety for cyclists. Further, e-bikes which lessen pollution in the metropolis should be supported by charging stations that are powered by renewable energy.

This episode’s objective is to provide stimulating discussion on a proposed business model that would open livelihood opportunities to consumers of renewable energy.

If more people patronize EV that are powered by coal, we will worsen availability, economic challenges in dealing with fuel, and enhance climate boiling. The proposed business model facilitates circular economy and a resolution will be drafted to create a core group that will work towards the realization of the objectives discussed during the forum

Dir. Patrick T. Aquino, Energy Utilization Mgt Bureau, DOE

He discussed EVIDA law and CREVI (comprehensive road map for electric vehicle industry). Discussed targets of government.

Rene Pineda, President, Partnership for Clean Air

He presented a business model for electric vehicles to democratize the industry. Rene’s business model recommends that another industry takes charge of the battery-production, charging from RE (to be mandated by govt), Mgt of disposal, Etc. Charging using RE will make it cheaper and ready for immediate use by e-vehicles (more efficient) The model makes EV cheaper and opens business opportunities for consumers of solar rooftop to be a charging station using their excess unused energy. the sale of electronic vehicles should be w/o the batteries. Analogy- buying a car does not include the gasoline.

Dr. Mylene Cayetano, Scientist & Professor, UP Institute of Environmental Science & Meteorology

Her 2storey house is powered by the 5kW energy from her solar rooftop. Dr. Mylene calculated the benefits she would enjoy if her excess power was to be used for a charging business compared to what is offered by the net metering scheme.

Aryanne de Ocampo, Senior Campaigner, Center for Energy, Ecology & Development

She discussed the 10M rooftop challenge that CEED recently launched. Households could pull together excess power from their system and make these accessible to others. This would eliminate generation, distribution and other costs normally paid by consumers, who source energy from the grid. Participants were excited at the exciting prospect and will continue to work together and discuss how the business model can be presented to the government for inclusion in the country’s road map.

The objective of this webinar is for the participants to: (1)Be informed of the carrying capacity concept, its indicators, the challenges that come when it is exceeded and recommendations that can be adopted; (2) Listen to various views regarding carrying capacity; and (3) Gain insights from the presentations and exchanges and develop personal guide on how to ensure ecological sustainable development for our country.

Resource Speakers:

Mr. Rene Pineda, President of Partnership for Clean Air and co-organizer of this month’s Kamayan episode; Dr. Mylene Cayetano,  has over 20 years experience in the environment sector, having contributed her technical expertise in air quality research and monitoring through her chemistry and environmental science background; and Arch. Patrick Andrew Gozon, an assistant professor at U.P. Diliman College of Architecture and currently involved in research about native trees and urban greening.

Reactor: Mr. Ronnie James Casamayor, Housing ad Homesite Regulation Officer III, Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development