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Twin Phoenix Project: Climate Smart Planning

MA. SUSAN RACHEL JOSE is the chief technical advisor for the Project Climate Twin Phoenix, a project that envisioned to be the first stage of a more comprehensive and long term capacity development program for cities and municipalities to manage risks from climate change and climate-related natural hazards. With technical assistance from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), and implementation by the Climate Change Commission (CCC), the project aims to strengthen the stakeholders’ institutional capacity and individual competency on climate/disaster risk management and to put in place riverbasin-wide institutional networks to deal with increasing risks from climate change.

Development planning cycle involves planning, monitoring and evaluation; implementation, and investment programming; and revenue generation. The evaluation and development, budgeting and expenditure management are exercised in the implementation of program’s projects and activities. Outputs of the Development planning cycle are local plans such as City/Municipal Development Plan (CDP/MDP), City/Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP), and Local Development Investment Program (LDIP)/Annual Investment Program (AIP). Planning approach requires resources and must include development for the people. A planning unit has a unique set of physical resources defined by its specific location.

Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into development considers and addresses risks emanating from natural hazards. It’s an integration of awareness of future climate change impacts into the existing and future policies and plans. The Mainstreaming Framework involves Disaster Risk Assessment and Development Planning.

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Budget Tagging for CCA / DRRM Projects

RONALDO U. TOLEDO is the Director of the Fiscal Planning Bureau (FPB) Department of Budget and Management (DBM). As the Director, he supervises the operations of the bureau in its conduct of fiscal policy research and planning, development of fiscal and budgeting frameworks, (including multi-year and annual budget ceilings and forward estimates), formulation of annual and quarterly whole-of-government allotment and cash release programs, and monitoring of macroeconomic developments and their impact on the budget. He also supervises the policy analysis being undertaken by the bureau to underpin budgetary policy recommendations towards the efficient allocation of resources subject to a fair distribution of income and stable macroeconomic environment.

In the Philippines, the key sectors affected by climate change are agriculture, water and coastal resources, infrastructure, forestry and human health. Through climate budgeting, we can invest in climate change adaptation and mitigation, and build risk resilient communities. The country’s response to climate change is a transformative agenda. These are: Climate Change Commission (CCC) and Cabinet Cluster on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Mitigation; and mobilizing the budgetary process. Climate budgeting is included in the annual budget call and the Budget Priorities Framework.

Climate budgeting classifies public expenditures through a process called climate change expenditure tagging. This process uses a typology of the climate responses as identified in government policies. It integrates climate response across the planning and budget cycles to improve accountability and transparency in climate action. Climate change expenditures represent a small portion of the national budget, only six percent (6%), are climate change expenditures. From the total climate change expenditures, 78 percent (78%) are for sustainable energy and water sufficiency.

Program Convergence Budgeting provides a vehicle for strengthening and scaling up the government’s climate response. It aims to improve coordination and convergence among national government agencies in planning, prioritizing, budgeting and implementing programs. This is done by focusing on expenditures in support of expected achievements within the available fiscal space.

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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MITIGATION & DISASTER RISK REDUCATION & MANAGEMENT (CCA – DRRM

The breakout session on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures was led by ATTY. ANGELA CONSUELO IBAY, head of Climate Change and Energy Program, WWF and the Program Coordinator of the Klima Climate Change Center. DR. MARY JEAN CALEDA, Associate Dean for Research and Governance Practice, Ateneo School
of Government moderated the session.

We live in the anthropocene, a period in which human actions play a major role in shaping the biosphere and its processes. Human processes have become the dominant driver in shaping the biosphere. Everything is connected. Ecosystems sustain societies that create economies. Humanity’s global footprint is 50 percent beyond the planet’s sustainable limits.

The Asia Pacific’s footprint is 77 percent beyond the region’s sustainable limits. The Philippine ecological footprint per capita is 117 percent beyond sustainable limits. El Niño and La Niña are likely to continue as a significant source of inter-annual climate variability in the Coral Triangle region. Sea surface temperatures are likely to be between 1 to 4 degrees Celsius warmer by the end of this century resulting to coral bleaching, ocean acidification, sea level rise, intensified typhoons, decreases in agricultural productivity and recurring infrastructure damage. This will be the new normal. Thus, climate change mitigation and adaptation is imperative. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) the risks from climate change depend on cumulative carbon dioxide emissions which depend on the annual Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions over the next decades. Limiting warming to 2 degrees Celsius involves substantial technological, economic and institutional challenges. Without additional mitigation, global mean surface temperature is projected to increase by 3.7 to 4.8 °C over the 21st century.

Milestones in the fight against climate change are: United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015 in Paris (COP21), new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), disaster-climate change-development linkages and World Wildlife Fund’s (WWF) One Planet Perspective.
The mainstreaming of DRR and CCA into plans lead to a better appreciation of planning the environment through detailed information on natural hazards, climate change, and disaster risks and vulnerabilities. Integration of all national and local plans must be considered in the development planning cycle including the allocation of budgets. There is also a need of adopting a system of rice intensification system and greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory and accounting at the local levels.

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