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E vehicle: Filipino Investment Model

JOHN TAN LEE is the president of Applied Machining Corporation and Nito Seiki Manufacturing Corporation. He is also the Director of the Philippine Utility Vehicle Inc. and the current President of Aerospace Industries Association of the Philippines. He is a Board Member of the Electric Vehicle Association of the Philippines which holds the annual Philippine Electric Vehicle Summit.

The collaboration between the Philippine Utility Vehicle Incorporated (PhUV) and Green Renewable Independent Power Producer (GRIPP) created the Makati Green Route. This started the electric green revolution. Similar projects were done but were not sustained. In 2008, the various electric vehicle players formed the Electric Vehicle Association of the Philippines (eVAP) which aims to promote electric vehicles. In 2010, the First Electric Vehicle (EV) Summit was organized that gave the electric vehicles the much needed attention. This was followed by two more EV summits that started local and international partnerships. Later the 1,000 EVs by 2020 Movement was launched. At the same time the Asian Development Bank announced their etrike project. Other eVAP members followed and started their own projects.

The use of EV has several benefits for the country. It creates new jobs, more taxes for the government, multiplier effect, carbon credits, dollar savings from oil importation, savings from pollution related health expenses, net value added tax (VAT) gain on EV sales, VAT collection from additional energy demand and net revenue gain with all things considered.

Things to consider in starting an EV program in your area include traffic congestion, range, terrain, power cost in the area, power availability, customer support, effective operator and local government support. Lastly, a successful EV program must have a reliable EV manufacturer with ongoing parts and support service, effective operator, funding, government policy and industry standardization.

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Implementing Euro 4

ENGR. JEAN ROSETE is the chief of the Air Quality Management Section under the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. EMB-AQMS is responsible for the implementation and enforcement of R.A 8749 or the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999. Its primary goal is to come out with a comprehensive national program to achieve and maintain Air Quality that meets the National Air Quality Guidelines for Criteria Pollutants and their Emissions Standards while minimizing the possible associated negative impacts on the country’s economy.

There are three man-made sources of air pollution: mobile, stationary and area. Based on the 2012 Emission Inventory of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environment Management Bureau (DENR-EMB), the bulk of air pollution in the national and at the Metro Manila levels are from mobile sources like motorized vehicles. From January 2010 to December 2015, the Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and Particulate Matter of 10 microns in diameter (PM10) decreased in Metro Manila.

To reduce the pollution from mobile sources, DENR-EMB undertook actions and efforts. The Online Permitting and Monitoring System for issuing Certificate of Conformity was launched in March 2015. The agency also continues to conduct garage emission testing of public utility vehicles (PUVs); conducts seminars/lectures on preventive maintenance, fuel efficiency and eco-safe driving; and coordinates with the National Capital Region (NCR) Local Government Units (LGUs) on the Anti-Smoke Belching (ASB) operations. The quality of fuel has also improved. Gasoline has been unleaded since 2000 and automotive diesel is already at par with Euro4 fuels standards since January 1, 2016. The agency has also expanded its air quality monitoring network through the installation of additional continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations (automatic,
real-time) nationwide.

Upcoming programs to be implemented by DENR-EMB include Non-Contact Anti Smoke Belching; issuance of new emission standards for mobile sources; and intensified free garage emission testing.

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Inclusive Mobility Conceptual Framework

JULIA NEBRIJA recently graduated with a Master of Urban Design from the City College of New York, Bernanrd and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture. She earned her undergraduate degree in International Affairs with concentrations in International Development and Latin America, at the Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington University, in Washington, DC. As a volunteer, student, intern, and professional, Julia has directed her energy towards understanding global development issues and helping underserved populations improve their standard of living. She is drawn to projects which focus on social, economic, and environmental impact, and has a range of work experience including grant writing,
qualitative research, urban reporting and program management.

In 2015, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Transportation Ministries approved to develop an inclusive mobility framework to be adopted by all APEC economies including the Philippines. The most inclusive modes of mobility are also the most environment-friendly. It serves the needs of all – elderly, children, persons with disabilities (PWD), poor, women, students, workers and vendors.

The government needs to give back the streets to the people, to move people not vehicles through walking and mass transportation. Bicycle use is a form of mass transport.
And a new sdewalk reduces the number of people getting hit while walking along the road by nearly 90 percent. Examples of infrastructures that promote inclusive mobility: Marikina Bikeways, Iloilo Esplanade, Roxas Boulevard Baywalk in Manila, Emerald Avenue Bike lanes in Ortigas, University of the Philippines Oval in Diliman, Quezon City, and Calle Crisologo in Vigan City.

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Clean Cooking Stove

DR. MYLENE G. CAYETANO is a Balik (Returning) – Scientist Fellow of the Department of Science and Technology. She is currently minting her career as an assistant professor at the Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology in the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City. She had her stint as an air quality specialist at Clean Air Asia, where she concentrates on local and international projects such as Dispersion Modelling of particulate matter in Metro Manila, Air Quality programs for smaller cities,
and the Breathe Easy Jakarta Air Quality Interventions program. Her work experience covers programs conducted in partnership with the U.S. Environment Protection Agency, the Asian Development Bank, Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the National Institute for Environmental Research, in South Korea, among other partner organizations.

Fire is a source of both energy and pollution. In 2012, household air pollution was responsible for 4.3 million deaths, and 7.7 percent of the global mortality according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

The WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality recommends the following:

1. Attain emission rate targets;
2. Policies for the period of transition from current practice to use of clean fuel technology must be in place;
3. Avoid the use of unprocessed coal as household fuel, in light of the specific health risks; and
4. Avoid the use of kerosene as a household fuel, in light of concerns about emissions and safety.

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Healthy Air

The session on Healthy Air was chaired by ATTY. GLYNDA BATERINA- BATHAN, the Deputy Executive Director of Clean Air Asia.
The moderator was MS. ELENIDA BASUG, the current Chief of the Environmental Education and Information Division (EEID) at the Environment Management Bureau under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Five expert trainers from
both the private and government organizations/institutions served as resource persons in this session.

Chairperson’s Overview:

Reducing air pollution can save millions of lives. Asia had the largest air pollution-related burden with a total of 2.6 million deaths related to outdoor air pollution; and 3.3 million deaths linked to indoor air pollution. According to Clean Air Asia (CAA) 94 percent of cities exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guideline. In response, a global call to action to improve air quality was issued by several organizations. In 2014, the United Nation Environment Assembly (UNEA) issued a resolution on air quality. In 2015, the World Health Association (WHA) also issued a resolution on air quality and health. And, the Sustainable Development Goals included targets and indicators on air quality.

Asia had the largest air pollution related burden with 3.3 M deaths linked to indoor air pollution in which cooking indoor using woods is the biggest contributor as -25% of smoke stays in the house. Air pollution in the household level is a big threat. Many people living in Asian cities have high pollution level thereby putting people at risk of respiratory and cardiovascular illness. Motor vehicle emission is the largest contributor in man-made sources of pollution according to emission inventory in 2012. The World Health Organization recommended that government should develop and implement policy on
climate change mitigation considering the action on household energy and carry out assessments to maximize health and climate gains.

In the Philippines at present, the total suspended particulate (TSP) and particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers (PM10) still exceeds national levels. Thirteen regions have already completed their emissions inventory. The following are being done to address air quality in the country: establishment of Air Quality Management Fund; increased enforcement against violations by industries (Bantay Tsimeneya program); antismoke belching operations (Bantay Tambutso campaign); cleaner fuels and vehicles (Euro IV); awareness campaigns (Linis Hangin); energy efficiency programs of the Department of Energy (DOE) Alternative fuel program; promotion of non-motorized transport (pedestrian and cycling facilities); and research and pilot demonstration projects for mass transportation.